The term is derived from "Shuuli," first used by nineteenth-century ivory and slave traders who noted the similarity of Acholi Luo to the language of the previously encountered Shilluk or "Collo" of the southern Sudan (Crazzolara 1938, vii-viii). Arts. Pyerino Okoya and Lt. Gen Bazilio Olara-Okello. The word 'Acholi' is a misnomer that became adopted for convenience over the years. Bor Lango With colonial rule came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the authority of a district commissioner. The term Mende refers to both the people and the langua, Achievements by Indian Physical Scientists, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acholi. of them innocent civilianslost their lives; from the mid-1980s Identification. of the nineteenth century, both among Acholi chiefdoms and with It has similarity with Alur, Padhola language, and other Luo languages in South Sudan Shilluk, Anuak,Pari, Balanda, Boor, Thuri. When Britain established its rule during the early twentieth century, both ideological predisposition and practical utility prompted the colonizers to consider the Acholi a "tribe" and to administer the area as a "tribal" unit. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau. Rwot, 'ruler'). The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. Led by Alice Auma, who claimed to While Acholi also lives north of the South Sudaneseborder, the Sudanese Acholi are often excluded from the political meaning of the term "Acholiland". 61). with the British was through Samuel Baker. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Inheritance. This cookie is set by Youtube. Colonial chiefs in a stateless society: a case-study from Northern David Oyite-Ojok | Military Wiki | Fandom Our interactive map highlights countries most at risk of genocide and mass killing. The Acholi occupy a 39,000-square-kilometer area, three-fourths of which lies within Uganda, extending roughly from 215 to 4159 N and 3325 to 3345 E. Their neighbors include the Luo-speaking Lango, Paluo, and Alur to the south and southwest, the Central Sudanic-speaking Madi to the west, and the Eastern Nilotic Jie and Karamojong to the east. [9], In the 2000s, James Ojent Latigo described some of Uganda's social problems as based on the way the political elites have used ethnicities to divide the country. Relatively small numbers of Acholi have filled middle-level or senior civil-service positions in independent Uganda. This period of increased contact with non-Acholi accelerated the This paper is a case study analysis of the sociological phenomena of forgiveness occurring in an ongoing two-decade war in northern Uganda. In the precolonial era, warfare, herding, and hunting were the domain of men. into the independence era. Omissions? Similarly, when Yoweri Musevenis National Resistance Army (NRA) took power in 1986, there were revenge killings and looting of livestock in the north of the country. "Is Alice Lakwena a Witch? Once chiefdoms were established, Acholi religious beliefs focused on three types of spirits (jogi; sing. As they have for centuries, Acholi farmers rely mainly on iron hoes and other hand tools. [26], In 2016, the multi award-winning film, A Brilliant Genocide was produced. Sons have traditionally learned about farming, hunting, herding, and lineage and chiefdom traditions from their fathers and other lineage males; girls learn farming and domestic duties from their mothers. The activities of the LRA have been devastating within Acholiland (though they spread also to neighbouring districts and countries). An Exploration of Linguistic Practices and Language Attitudes in Gulu, Northern Uganda. Localized lineages have been the fundamental social units in Acholi, with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. commonly, almost any salaried job in the public or private sector Behrend, Heike (1991). During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. Acholi have played a pivotal role in the turbulent post-independence era. members of royal lineages, and lineage heads all seem to have been Both Protestant and Catholic missionaries were active in Acholi from early colonial rule, providing written Luo religious, educational, and historical texts and producing a local educated elite, all of which fostered the further development of an Acholi identity within the colonial context of "tribal" culture, consciousness, and politics. Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo and Pader. This term then The relationship between (real) brother and sister is often very close, especially when one acts as the lapidi (nurse-child) to the other, as are the bonds between the children of sisters. administration within the region and the district headquarters were erected in the area of the This included both agricultural and hunting land. The EU's External Democracy Action in a New Geopolitical Reality: Policy Brief. Over the second half of the nineteenth century, Acholi was incorporated into international trade networks through the activities of northern, Arabic-speaking ivory and slave traders. the northern regions, this relationship changed. Malandra, Alfred (1939). London: James Currey. Graduating Essay, Department of History, Makerere University (Kampala). The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) under the leadership of Joseph Kony has waged a war against Yoweri Museveni's government. solidification of an Acholi identity, with their common language becoming an important marker. The republican constitution adopted in 1967 abolished the monarchies and assigned ultimate political power to an elected president. others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators Nairobi: Oxford University Press. By the mid-nineteenth century, about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland. identity is rather disputed. All procedures are conducted with care, to attempt to ensure that the spirit of the departed does not become angry. Sign up to Minority rights Group International's newsletter to stay up to date with the latest news and publications. "Acholi-Arab Nubian Relations in the Nineteenth Century." Organizational politics is a natural part of organizational life. According to the reconstruction by Atkinson (2011 [1994]), the Acholi as a group emerged The personal and group loss resulting from death is acknowledged as real and permanent. Further tidying up and smoothing over the grave take place within the week. Kin Groups and Descent. PDF CORE - Aggregating the world's open access research papers in 1911 in response to the British confiscation of Acholi guns was the with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from Political Organization. A company limited by guarantee in the UK no. Acholi form organisation - New Vision Official The third group of spirits were those of unknown persons and dangerous beasts; these were hostile, personified as ghosts, believed to cause sickness and other misfortunes, and dealt with by means of spirit possession. Individual antecedents of political behavior include political . Political Organizations | Internal Revenue Service - IRS tax forms Even in this . came a new hierarchy of chiefs, clerks, and policemen, all under the Orientation Crazzolara, J. P. (1938). The Acholi are proud and loud, but have been exposed as a group without a uniting leadership. The Acholi live in small hamlets among patrilineal kin. Common synonyms for this type of organization are "interest groups," "pressure groups," and . It was a system of governance fully integrated with their religion and cosmology. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Due to its central location and the close The government of Uganda has responded to the conflict by adopting both military and general amnesty strategies. Encyclopedia.com. This special access to Uganda's security forces has alternately presented opportunity and danger as a succession of regimes replaced one another in a cycle of political violence often played out in ethnic (or "tribal") terms. The Acholi, a Nilotic Lwo-speaking ethnic group, live predominantly in the central region of northern Uganda, an space collectively named to known as Acholiland. PDF University of Bradford eThesis other parts of Uganda, where hundreds of thousands of peoplemany The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi of Uganda before 1800. Acholi - Minority Rights Group University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars - The University of Bradford Open Access repository. "The Ancestral Shrine of the Acholi." This has continued in various guises ever since. Notable among the Acholi soldiers who made the ranks were Gen. Tito Okello-Lutwa, Brig. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acholi. Congo. Location. Uganda Journal 7(1): 27-43. All affines, meanwhile, are known as "mother." 2 I Abstract The aim of this thesis will be to decipher why Acholi ethnic identity remained such a critical political tool in late and post-colonial Uganda, from 1950-1985, just b laws of social life among the Acholi were set up by the elders of the clans, regulating everything This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Comprising less than 5 percent of the country's population, during the early years of independence the Acholi constituted more than 15 percent of the police force and fully a third of the army. During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education.

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