otis redding age at death cause

Redding began a career recording at Stax, playing guitar and arranging his own songs. Mrs. Redding, 79, still lives on the sprawling ranch outside of Macon, Ga., that Mr. Redding bought for his family in 1965, two years before his small private plane nose-dived into a Wisconsin. [26][28] The title track, recorded in September 1963, sparked copyright issues, as it sounded like Irma Thomas's "Ruler of My Heart". [146] The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted Redding in 1989, declaring his name to be "synonymous with the term soul music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm and blues into a form of funky, secular testifying. Hi! The second was "These Arms of Mine", featuring Jenkins on guitar and Steve Cropper on piano. [18], Redding and his wife had four children: Dexter, Demetria, Karla, and Otis III. In addition to "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", "Respect" and "Try a Little Tenderness" are among his best-known songs. In the 15. [62][79][80] After a phone call with his wife and children, Redding's next stop was Madison, Wisconsin; the next day, Sunday, December 10, they were to play at the Factory nightclub, near the University of Wisconsin. 1 in 1968. Approximately one year later, she gave birth to their son Dexter in the summer of 1960 and married Redding in August 1961. He is referred to as the 'crown prince of soul'. And then one of them, without looking at me said, "Otis Redding died in a plane crash." . Never considered myself a fan, but I have enjoyed a few of his songs in my life. His death came as a huge shock, and there was no. At the time of Otis Redding 's death on December 10, 1967 at age 26, he'd already recorded close to 10 albums' worth of original studio tracks plus a number of dynamic live performances. The public mourned his passing by playing his records. [94][95] The album The Dock of the Bay was the first posthumous album to reach the top spot on the UK Albums Chart. [114], In "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" he abandoned familiar romantic themes for "sad, wistful introspections, amplified by unforgettable descending guitar riffs by Cropper". He was known for his energy in the studio and, in 1965, recorded the album Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul in one day. The story of Reddings breakthrough is part of soul music mythology. [148] Redding was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1994,[116] and in 1999 he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Otis Redding was born on September 9, 1941 in Dawson, Georgia, USA. [16] Redding was soon invited to replace Willie Jones as frontman of Pat T. Cake and the Mighty Panthers, featuring Johnny Jenkins. Redding Sr. was a sharecropper and then worked at Robins Air Force Base, near Macon, and occasionally preached in local churches. [100] All seven sets from his three-day residency at the venue were released as Live at the Whisky a Go Go: The Complete Recordings in 2016,[101] a 6-CD box set that won a Grammy Award for Best Album Notes. [89] Jerry Wexler delivered the eulogy. Otis Redding performs on the British TV show Ready Steady Go in 1966. [27], "These Arms of Mine" and other songs from the 19621963 sessions were included on Redding's debut album, Pain in My Heart. Sorry I always must yell that!!! Bar-Kays member Ben Cauley, the accident's only survivor,[62] was sleeping shortly before the accident. All three reached at least the top 60 on both the R&B and Pop charts. Was this before they took off? Otis Redding's son carries on legacy at the Apollo, Carnegie Hall in 2018. Soul singer Otis Redding and his only wife Zelma Atwood had an excellent relationship, and even years after his death, she still recalls the moments they shared. [75], Redding's music made him wealthy. His most-haunting composition, cowritten with Cropper, shot to the top of the charts and became his only number one hit: (Sittin on) The Dock of the Bay (1968), a bittersweet lament of indolence and love. In 2011, Kanye West and Jay-Z released Otis, which samples Try a Little Tenderness. The pair won a Grammy for Best Rap Performance for the song in 2012. Otis Redding was born September 9, 1941, in Dawson, Georgia. What you asked me to do or say, honey you know, you know, you know that it's OK. And I'll let . But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Otis Redding was one of the great American soul singers, who, although only enjoying a short career due to his early death in a plane crash at the age of 26, has been described as the embodiment of soul and one of the most important cultural icons of the civil rights movement. The single was released by Volt in October 1962 and charted in March the following year. More than 4,500 people came to the funeral, overflowing the 3,000-seat hall. I was the entertainment teen columnist. [77] That year, one columnist said, "he sold more records than Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin combined. [113], In his early career Redding mostly covered songs from popular artists, such as Richard, Cooke and Solomon Burke. Redding received many posthumous accolades, including two Grammy Awards, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame. Otis Redding's death prompted a number of releases, including live albums and compilations. Soul legend Otis Redding dies in a plane crash near Madison, Wisconsin When he left his final recording session in Memphis, Otis Redding intended to return soon to the song he'd been. Otis wasn't the first one to crash in that same area of the lake. Atlantic also held the rights to all unreleased Otis Redding masters. The two moved from Memphis to Macon to continue writing. [124] His open-throated singing,[123] the tremolo/vibrato, the manic, electrifying stage performances[126] and perceived honesty were particular hallmarks, along with the use of interjections (such as "gotta, gotta, gotta"), some of which came from Cooke. Barry White. [120][121][122] He remains one of the genre's most recognized artists. Jerry Wexler said Redding "didn't know how to move", and stood still, moving only his upper body, although he acknowledged that Redding was well received by audiences for his strong message. [130] Artists from many genres have named Redding as a musical influence. It was a frank lloyd wright design, right on lake monona they built maybe 10 years ago. Thu 10th Dec 2020 13.00 GMT. Musician Donald "Duck" Dunn, the pioneering bass player whose grooves drove Booker T and the MGs and hits including Otis Redding's Respect has died in Tokyo, age 70 . At the time of his death he survived by his large extended friends and family. Cool catHate to see anybody talented go out so badly That is really sad. He was wonderful at Monterey Pop Festival, what a tragic waste. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otis-Redding, Otis Redding - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum (1989). I believe it was said there was a survivor in the wreckage? [65] Redding was inspired by the Beatles album Sgt. Thanks for all the information. Rock Icon KISS Is Saying Goodbye (For Real), Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Otis Redding, Birth Year: 1941, Birth date: September 9, 1941, Birth State: Georgia, Birth City: Dawson, Birth Country: United States. Huckaby's description of their circumstances living in the "big old raggedy" Hotel Theresa is quoted by Peter Guralnick in his book Sweet Soul Music. [12] Redding was then hired by the Upsetters when Little Richard abandoned rock and roll in favor of gospel music. [53] The album charted at number 5 and 36 on the Billboard Pop and R&B charts, respectively. His song "(Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay" hit No. In 1967, Redding released a successful duet album with Carla Thomas. The former well-driller from Macon, Georgia, died in a plane crash in an icy Wisconsin lake on December 10. Dreams to Remember: The Legacy of Otis Redding featured 16 full-length performances and 40 minutes of new interviews documenting his life and career. One new song was "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", which was written with Cropper. On December 10, 1967, Otis Redding and most of his backing band were killed when their chartered plane crashed into a Wisconsin lake. The Prix Otis Redding is given to the best record release in the field of R&B. [17] In mid-1960, Otis moved to Los Angeles with his sister, Deborah, while his wife Zelma and their children stayed in Macon, Georgia. [67], Redding, who was 6feet 1inch (1.85m) tall and weighed 220 pounds (100kg), was an athletic family man who loved football and hunting. I have never seen these pics before, wow. "[78] After the release of Otis Blue, Redding became a "catalogue" artist, meaning his albums were not immediate blockbusters, but rather sold steadily over time. [86] Besides Redding, the other victims of the crash were four members of the Bar-Kaysguitarist Jimmy King, tenor saxophonist Phalon Jones, organist Ronnie Caldwell, and drummer Carl Cunningham; their valet, Matthew Kelly; and the pilot Fraser. [24] In mid-1960, Otis moved to Los Angeles with his sister, Deborah, while Zelma and the children stayed in Macon, Georgia. Ben E. King, who was the headliner at the Apollo when Redding performed there, gave him $100 (US$885 in 2021 dollars[14]) when he learned about Redding's financial situation. The last song was "Try a Little Tenderness", including an additional chorus. [110] Peter Buckley, in The Rough Guide to Rock, describes his "gruff voice, which combined Sam Cooke's phrasing with a brawnier delivery" and later suggested he "could testify like a hell-bent preacher, croon like a tender lover or get down and dirty with a bluesy yawp". Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. [97] It had enough material for three studio albumsThe Immortal Otis Redding (1968), Love Man (1969), and Tell the Truth (1970)all issued on its Atco Records label. Other artists of the day were influenced by Redding and Aretha Franklin's rendition of his song, "Respect." Otis Redding was one of the greatest vocal talents of all time, and was tragically taken from us far too early. That sound, the Stax signature, would resonate for decades to come. American singer and songwriter (19411967). According to some of the protesters, Soviet officials threatened them with violence read more, On December 10, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman completes his March to the Sea when he arrives in front of Savannah, Georgia. Dock of the Bay Sessions . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "Respect" and "I've Been Loving You" were later recut in stereo. So whatever happened to the weed? [26] It became one of his most successful songs, selling more than 800,000 copies. Prolific singer Otis Redding tragically died in a plane crash on December 10, 1967, at only 26 years old. Sun 13 May 2012 09.15 EDT. [53] Another suggestion was to record an album entirely consisting of country standards.[103]. His emotional style and powerful singing became synonymous with soul music. "[57] His act included his own song "Respect" and a version of the Rolling Stones' "Satisfaction". "[116] Booker T. Jones compared Redding with Leonard Bernstein, stating, "He was the same type person. The New York Times gave only four inches at the bottom of a column on page 19 to the death exactly one month ago of Otis Redding. He was active in philanthropic projects. June 4, 2021 Updated: June 6, 2021 11:10 a.m. A view from a lookout point at the Waldo Point Harbor in Sausalito, Calif., where Otis Redding conceived the song " (Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay . Sample of "These Arms of Mine". Otis Redding crash. There were six takes of the song recorded and I believe that the whistling appears on ALL of them. Otis Redding was undoubtedly one of the most promising soul stars in the world when he tragically died in a plane crash on December 10th 1967. He was a music artist and composer, known for Top Gun (1986), Hamburger Hill (1987) and Road House (1989). Sources: L. ROGER TURNER. In September 1987, Atlantic Records released "The Otis Redding Story", a two volume record set featuring Otis' most unique and rare hits, such as "I've Been Loving You Too Long." "Respect," "Pain In My Heart," "Satisfaction" and of course " (Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay.". That we were included in that was also something of a phenomenon. On August 17, 2013, in Cleveland, Ohio, the city where he did his last show at Leo's Casino, Redding was inducted into the inaugural class of the Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame at Cleveland State University.[158]. There was something different about [the ballad]. As it turns out, his dream was bigger. Otis is wearing dark clothing, making it hard to tell if his clothes are wet or not. "The Maroons read more, On December 10, 1690, a failed attack on Quebec and subsequent near-mutiny force the Massachusetts Bay Colony to issue the first paper currency in the history of the Western Hemisphere. It became his worst-selling single. Otis Redding's "(Sittin on) The Dock of the Bay" was his only number-one hit. According to the mr. cauley it wasnt even 20 mins til he was pulled out, so probably a few hours later or less the rest was brought up. "[9][10], At age 15, Redding left school to help financially support his family; his father had contracted tuberculosis and was often hospitalized, leaving his mother as the family's primary income earner. Man he looked great for a dead guy!!! A surviving member of the band is speaking out about the. Every Sunday he earned $6 by performing gospel songs for Macon radio station WIBB,[6][7] and he won the $5 prize in a teen talent show for 15 consecutive weeks. I'll let nothing, no, no, separate us. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! [48] Booking agent Bill Graham proposed that Redding play at the Fillmore Auditorium in late 1966. Also Known As: Otis Ray Redding Jr., Otis Ray Redding. They ran the pic in our local newspaper when he died and I remember seeing it in Jet. "(Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay" is credited with influencing the soul movement by combining traditional rhythm and blues with folk. His . [76] He spent about $125,000 in the "Big O Ranch". The Spanish-American War had its origins in the rebellion against Spanish rule that began in Cuba in 1895. I wonder since it looks liek the same jacket. 's with the Mar-Keys horn section) opened with Cooke's "Shake", after which he delivered an impromptu speech, asking the audience if they were the "love crowd"[59] and looking for a big response. Thanks to his vocal skills, Redding significantly increased his net worth. One of the two, These Arms of Mine (1962), launched his career, attracting both a record label executive (Jim Stewart) and a manager (Phil Walden) who passionately believed in his talent. years ago in which he stated that the final verse existed at the time of the recording, but that Otis forgot the words in the booth and whistled instead. Redding was born in Dawson, Georgia, the fourth of six children, and the first son of Otis Redding Sr. and Fannie Roseman. Meals on Wheels of Middle Georgia, Inc., has proudly served the senior population in Bibb County since 1974. Here is the famous photo I shot, on this date , December 28,1967, when I went to Madison, Wisconsin, to cover the Otis Redding concert, for The Milwaukee Courier. Family: Spouse/Ex-: Zelma Redding (m. 1961-1967) . Find similar music that you'll enjoy, only at Last.fm. The singer had captured a nation with his imperious vocal and unstoppable personality, connecting with the content and his audience in equal measure. He noted meeting Muhammad Ali and other celebrities. [36] Jenkins began working independently from the group out of fear Galkin, Walden and Cropper would plagiarize his playing style, and so Cropper became Redding's leading guitarist. All Rights Reserved. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Jay, who graduated from Kings College (now Columbia University) at the age of 19, was a prominent figure in New York state politics from an read more, After three years of war, during which there had been no Nobel Peace Prize awarded, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the 1917 prize to the International Committee of the Red Cross. His song "(Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay" hit No. His wife Zelma disliked its atypical melody. 96K views 3 years ago On Dec. 10, 1967, a twin-engine Beechcraft carrying Otis Redding crashed into Lake Monona in Madison, killing Redding and four members of his touring band, the Bar-Kays.. Along with his group, he first played small shows in the American South. The ballad "I've Been Loving You" followed. He was hospitalized in September 1967 at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York to undergo surgery. The Stax crew were also dissatisfied with the new sound; Stewart thought that it was not R&B, while bassist Donald "Duck" Dunn feared it would damage Stax's reputation. [62][63] By that time, Redding had developed polyps on his larynx, which he tried to treat with tea and lemon or honey. [44] According to Booker T. Jones, "I think we did one of our best shows, Otis and the MG's. Shortly before his death in a plane crash, Redding wrote and recorded his iconic "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" with Steve Cropper. On its final approach to Madison on December 10, 1967, however, the private plane carrying soul-music legend Otis Redding would crash into the frigid waters of a small lake three miles short of the runway, killing seven of the eight men aboard, including Redding. His amazing voice. And also - notice the cable behind him. Written by Otis Redding and his guitarist/producer Steve Cropper, (Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay became a classic, but Redding died in a plane crash before he was able to enjoy its success. Redding became a de facto leader presiding over a band that would prove as influential as the great rhythm-and-blues aggregations that preceded it, units associated with Ray Charles and James Brown. "[60] According to Sweet Soul Music, musicians such as Brian Jones and Jimi Hendrix were captivated by his performance; Robert Christgau wrote in Esquire, "The Love Crowd screamed one's mind to the heavens. There is even pics of his grave, which is on the farm that his wife and kids still own! They were accepting us and that was one of the things that really moved Otis. Otis Ray Redding, Jr., son of sharecropper Otis Redding, Sr., and . His singing style influenced many other soul artists of the 1960s. I started really getting into Otis Redding not that long ago and I wondered if it was one of his. 1 record with "Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay" four months after his death. He was just 26 when he died. Otis Redding's Death - Cause and Date Born (Birthday) Sep 9, 1941 Death Date December 10, 1967 Age of Death 26 years Cause of Death Aviation Accident And Incident Place of Death Lake Monona, Madison, Wisconsin, United States Profession Blues Singer The blues singer Otis Redding died at the age of 26. It shows the plane being pulled out of the lake 2 days after the crash. [107], His hallmark was his raw voice and ability to convey strong emotion. just a few months before the music died. "Jotis Records" (derived from Joe Galkin and Otis) released four recordings, two by Arthur Conley and one by Billy Young and Loretta Williams. Disc jockey A. C. Moohah Williams accordingly labeled him "Mr. Pitiful",[34] and subsequently, Cropper and Redding wrote the eponymous song. Jack Whatley. It would soon become historys first posthumous #1 hit and the biggest pop hit of Reddings career. He befriended guitarist Johnny Jenkins and joined his band, the Pinetoppers. [94][138][145], Redding posthumously won two Grammy Awards for "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" at the 11th Annual Grammy Awards in 1969. But if Otis Redding was only beginning to gain momentum within the largely white mainstream in 1967, he was already a giant in the world of soul music. Otis Redding III was only 3 years old when his father's plane crashed into a Wisconsin lake Dec. 10, 1967. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [13][7] Johnny Jenkins, a locally prominent guitarist, was in the audience and, finding Redding's backing band lacking in musical skills, offered to accompany him. Just last month, an album called "Live in London and Paris" was released. That one performance is so special and so unique that it expresses who he is." On December 10, 1922, the Canton Bulldogs defeat the Toledo Maroons, 19-0, and are declared the first NFL champion. With him were the five teen-age members of the. [56] At the time, he "had not been considered a commercially viable player in the mainstream white American market. That was his huge crossover performance. [50][46] It prompted Graham to remark afterward, "That was the best gig I ever put on in my entire life. The result was "Sweet Soul Music" (based on Cooke's "Yeah Man"),[43] which peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. From age 10, Redding took drum and singing lessons. In 2007, Bob Mehr told the story of Ben Cauley, trumpet player for the. Okay my all time favorite song is sitting on the dock of the bay..loves it will have it played at my funeral.loved Otis still do and he looked great dead!! The song hit No. [20], When Walden started to look for a record label for Jenkins, Atlantic Records representative Joe Galkin showed interest and around 1962 sent him to the Stax studio in Memphis. The latter is the only Redding track with both background singing and brass. The song became the first posthumous number-one record on both the Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts. That fanner of the flame of 'Trouble's got a hold on me' music, might well be the father of the form if it is, the glorified exaltation found in church on any Sunday morning is its mother." You're not begging anymore.". They dedicated the song to his memory. The musicians were headed to The Factory nightclub, scheduled to perform at 6:30 p.m. He converted hippiedom to soul music at the 1967 Monterey (California) Pop Festival and was just entering a new phase of popularity when tragedy struck. [48] The majority of the group arrived in London on March 13,[46][49] but Redding had flown in days earlier for interviews, such as at "The Eamonn Andrews Show". While the idea that Otis intended to overlay the whistling on Dock of the Bay is both popular and well-sourced, there is another story that refutes it. [139], The Bee Gees' Barry Gibb and Robin Gibb wrote the song "To Love Somebody" for Redding to record. Best Known For: Known as the voice of soul music, Otis Redding died in a plane crash at 26 years old. The two did not begin their relationship . Internal injuries drowning? [43] Since Afro-Americans still formed the majority of fans, Redding chose to perform at Whisky a Go Go on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. In the six months leading up to his death, Otis Redding had gone from one great success to another. New here! He was happy to be included and it brought him a new audience. [113] His LP releases earned him recognition from music critic Robert Christgau as "one of soul's few reliable long-form artists"; Christgau deems Otis Blue his "first great album",[127] and Mat Snow regards it as an early indication of the album era, in which the LP would overtake singles in commercial and artistic importance. [95] Five years later, the United States Post Office issued a 29-cent commemorative postage stamp in his honor. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [85] The cause of the crash was never determined. [152], Five of his albums, Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul, Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology, The Dock of the Bay, Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul and Live in Europe, were ranked by Rolling Stone on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. He also was a recipient of a Grammy Award for lifetime achievement (1999). An unscheduled appearance on a Stax recording session led to a contract and his first hit single, "These Arms of Mine", in 1962. [8] His passion was singing, and he often cited Little Richard and Sam Cooke as influences. In addition to sales, Redding's magnetic stage presence and sincere performances made him star. There is some accompanying music where someone is singing"Travel, travel, travel" and it just seems like an Otis Redding song. I started writing a daily newspaper column in Madison in 1997, the 30th anniversary year of the Otis Redding plane crash. In 1958, he joined Johnny Jenkins's band, the Pinetoppers, with whom he toured the Southern states as a singer and driver. Otis sang 'Respect when I come home.' [39], Redding's success allowed him to buy a 300-acre (1.2km2) ranch in Georgia, which he called the "Big O Ranch". [90] Redding died just three days after re-recording "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay",[91][62] and was survived by Zelma and four children, Otis III, Dexter, Demetria, and Karla. They were on their way to a show, when their twin-engine aircraft crashed in the lake, miles from the airport. Stax released Redding's debut album, Pain in My Heart, two years later. [26] Despite this, Pain in My Heart was released on March 1964,[29][30] with the single peaking at number 11 on the R&B chart, number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100, and the album at number 103 on the Billboard 200. [117], Redding has been called the "King of Soul",[118] an honorific also given to Brown[119] and Cooke. Redding later performed at the popular Los Angeles night club Whisky a Go Go and toured Europe, performing in London, Paris and other major cities. [6][21] Around this time he and the Pinetoppers attended a "Battle of the Bands" show in Lakeside Park. Three singles were lifted from the album: "Tramp" was released in April, followed by "Knock on Wood" and "Lovey Dovey". Killed in the accident were soul singer Otis Redding, his manager, the pilot, and four members of his backup band, The Bar-Kays. Around the middle of November 1967, five weeks after a throat operation, Otis Redding began to singgingerly at first, then with growing confidence. 1 on the pop and R&B charts the following year, but Redding wouldn't live to see his success. The first album was singled out for praise by music critics; apart from the Rolling Stone listing at number 74, NME ranked it 35th on their list of the "Greatest Albums of All Time". After take 1 you can hear the people in the studio kidding him because his whistling on that one is so pathetic. Photo by: News 5 Cleveland via YouTube clip. Ken Bedford's Celebrity Photos. That summer, Redding and the studio crew arranged new songs for his next album. The men around him are helping to get his body up onto the boat. Nicknamed the "King of Soul", Redding's style of singing gained inspiration from the gospel music that preceded the genre. Name: Otis Redding Birth Year: 1941 Birth date: September 9, 1941 Birth State: Georgia Birth City: Dawson Birth Country: United States Gender: Male Best Known For: Known as the voice of soul. The whole idea for the album is that they remastered from the original tapes, reshuffled the running order to duplicate the way the shows originally ran, and added some missing tracks back in. Zelma Atwood and Otis Redding met when they were both teenagers attending an event at the Douglass Theatre in Macon, Georgia. [68] Redding was the sole copyright holder on all of his songs. does anyone have a copy of the autospy report? [38] Otis Blue also includes Redding's much-loved cover of "A Change Is Gonna Come" in 1965. Today often considered his signature song,[44] Jim Stewart reckoned, "If there's one song, one performance that really sort of sums up Otis and what he's about, it's 'Try a Little Tenderness'. When Redding was three, the family moved to Tindall Heights, a predominantly African-American public housing project in Macon. If this is your first visit, be sure to Redding was the first recipient of the award for The Otis Redding Story on Stax;[141] following winners of the award include Aretha Franklin, Ike & Tina Turner, and Curtis Mayfield.

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