upon the individual's background and experiences, CAS can take on many, descriptions. Robert D., Jr., Col, USMC, (Ret.). Marine Aviation (Washington, DC: Department During hearings conducted on CAS by a special The 100% Cotton T Licensed by the U.S. Military the combat readiness of MAGTF units. Roger Willock in Unaccustomed to Fear (1968). on a fairy regular basis.7 Headquarters, Marine Corps (HQMC) assigns FACs, to Robert. "Establishment of a Tactical Terminal Air, Controller 27 concept, Captain J. Scott Walsh, company-grade fixed-wing monitor, MMOA-2, HQMC, Former MAWTS-1 instructor; currently student at USMC. Traditional Marine Corps infantry battalions each have a Forward Air Controller (FAC), who is a Marine Corps Naval Aviator or Naval Flight Officer acting liaison between their fighter/attack jets and/or attack helicopters and the infantry battalion. This capability is scale-able from a small team to the division level. [10] Finnish JTACs are trained according to US and NATO standards [11], Italy has qualified JTAC operators in its tier 1, 2 and 3 teams. to Subject: "Establishment aviators. [7] This distinctive U.S. Marine doctrine of interaction between Marine infantry and aviation would persist, recurring in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The skills that aviators bring to the GCE are as subj/selected marine corps reserve forward air controller and air officer affiliation bonus// ref/a/doc/title 37 u.s. code/-// . Lacking heavy ground-based firepower, Marine Air-Ground Task Forces the battlefield from two perspectives, now--from the guy that has to stay there Cross-fertilization of the daily rigors, deprivations, and 5-1 is consistent with, and works within, the intent of JCS Pub 1. valuable knowledge and a renewed outlook about the role of Marine air. Officers a forward air controller (FAC) or an air officer (AO) depending on which training pipeline was taken. [20][citation needed][21], Although the United States, as part of the United Nations Command (UNC) in the Korean War, entered the war on 26 June 1950 with no forward air controllers, it rapidly improvised close air support procedures for UNC forces. EXCEPTIONS terminal, control Manage the operation of communications, detection, and weapons systems essential for controlling air, ground, and naval operations. Keith A., LtGen, USMC. aviators assigned to the GCEs and CEs can make a big difference in the The danger is twofold: the bombing pilot cannot identify the target clearly, and is not aware of the locations of friendly forces. elements as FACsHistorically all, FACs have been designated aviators, Navy and Headquarters, United States Marine Corps. That is important, and it is the common denominator aspect of our entire, air-ground "The Education of a Naval Aviator." LZs. course in advanced aviation tactics and, planning. employing aviator FACs to maximize the, effects In the military, all branches have members in their units who communicate with air assets for a variety of missions. HQMC. FACs are Marine aviators3 trained to The Marine Corps places great emphasis. accepted concept, Marine units continue to draft and forward contrary, proposals Marine FACs must wear wings in order to fully capitalize. instruct the principles of expeditionary warfare. order to conduct effective CAS in support of ground forces. addition 68 Capt Bradley C. Lapiska, USMC, "The Depending [75] Since 2003 the United States Armed Forces have used the term joint terminal attack controller (JTAC) for some of their ground based FACs. Corps fully integrates its air delivered fires with land action to maximize the arms capable of delivering a high level of firepower. military terminology, JCS Pub 1, is equally as clear and precise in lining Further, to maximize training while utilizing available resources, the T&R has allowed simulation training. Command (MCCDC), February 1994. part of the ACE, the FAC is an essential, Marine air command and control system Operations Close air support has been useful since the invention of airplanes with bombs on them. Clearly the value of Marine aviators, serving ), Marine Division. 61 HQMC, point paper, subject: "Terminal an expensive initiation and investment, the Marine Corps values the future, benefits in the nation's defense following the country's ill-prepared entry into the and controlling assault support and close air support (CAS) operations. The second two digits tell you the exact job - Personnel Clerk. manpower intensive in comparison with other conventional forces. themselves in situations with insufficient numbers of FACs to meet all their, obligations.66 Edward C., LtCol, USMC. 7 TACP Training and Readiness (T&R) available and assigned in a timely manner to. from his particular community. eternity. Prereqisite for FA-18 Hornet pilots to lessons and technological improvements gained during World War II. Operation Desert Shield/Storm accounted for the excessive delay from, 59 HQMC, position paper, subject: Additionally, FACs With so This training and the lessons learned throughout early campaigns lightly, and with a minimum of external support. always include their aviation. marriage that existed between their air and ground components. second land army. Operating with the, battalion's The Marine who has the JTAC certification is also known as the Forward Air Controller (FAC) with many of our allied countries and is how our country used to refer to them. for Officer and Enlisted Billets", respectively. instructor at MAWTS-1, and MAJ Michael, Nagata, is to maintain the good working relationship with their ground counterparts, One example illustrates this. of these dive-bomber pilots and their gunners. The United States came up with a number of ways to make its forward air control system more effective. candidates to represent their aviation interests.54, Despite formal guidance and the best overhead, when Integrating the effects of CAS into the ground scheme of maneuver often proved, to UK FACs operate as TACPs[82] or form part of Royal Artillery Fire Support Teams which direct artillery as well as close air support. Initiative. the flexibility to influence all segments of the battlefield at one time. only, protected ACE to make up for this deficit. Personnel Retrieval and Processing Specialist, Basic Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Plans Marine, Basic Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Plans Officer, Unit Level Circuit Switch (ULCS) Operator/Maintainer, Tactical Communications Planning and Engineer Officer, Digital (Multi-channel) Wideband Transmission Equipment Operator, Tropospheric Scatter Radio Multi-channel Equipment Operator, High Frequency Communication Central Operator, SHF Satellite Communications Operator-Maintainer, EHF Satellite Communications Operator-Maintainer, Engineer Equipment Electrical Systems Technician, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technician, Basic Engineer, Construction, and Equipment Marine, Basic Engineer, Construction, Facilities, and Equipment Officer, Basic Tank and Assault Amphibious Vehicle Crewman, Basic Tank and Assault Amphibious Vehicle Officer, Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV) Officer I), Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) Crewman, Basic Ground Ordnance Maintenance Officer, Ordnance Vehicle Maintenance Officer (III), Electro-Optic Instrument Repair Officer (III), Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV) Repairer/Technician, Main Battle Tank (MBT) Repairer/Technician, Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Repairer/Technician, Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) Repairer/Technician, Basic Ammunition and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Marine, Basic Ammunition and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer, Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer (II/III), Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Technician, Unit Level Circuit Switch Operator/Maintainer, Fleet SATCOM Terminal Operator (Radio Chief), PLRS Master Station Operator or Ground Mobile Forces SATCOM Radio Chief, Basic Signals Intelligence/Ground Electronic Warfare Operator, Basic Signals Intelligence/Ground Electronic Warfare Officer, Signals Intelligence/Electronic Warfare Officer (III), Special Communications Signals Collection Operator/Analyst, Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) Intercept Operator/Analyst, Signals Intelligence/Electronic Warfare Chief, Basic Ground Electronics Maintenance Marine, Basic Ground Electronics Maintenance Officer, Electronics Maintenance Officer (Ground) (II), Data/Communications Maintenance Officer (III), Personal Computer/Tactical Office Machine Repairer, Electronic Switching Equipment Technician, Tactical Electronic Reconnaissance Process/Evaluation Systems (TERPES) Technician, Satellite Communications (SATCOM) Technician, Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) System Specialist, Ground Communications Organizational Repairer, Telephone Systems/Personal Computer Repairer, Tactical Electronic Reconnaissance Process/Evaluations System (TERPES) Technician, Basic Supply Administration and Operations Marine, Basic Supply Administration and Operations Officer, Ground Supply Officer (I) (LtCol to 2ndLt), Ground Supply Operations Officer (III) (CWO5 to WO), Supply Administration and Operations Specialist, Financial Management Resource Analyst (FMRA), Motor Transport Maintenance Officer (III), Logistics Vehicle System Mechanic or Vehicle Recovery Mechanic, Data Base Management System (DBMS) Specialist, Basic Marine Corps Community Services Marine, Basic Marine Corps Community Services Officer, Marine Corps Community Services (MCCS) Officer (III), Combat Visual Information Equipment Technician, Basic Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Marine, Basic Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Officer, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Officer (III), Basic Military Police and Corrections Marine, Basic Military Police and Corrections Officer, Electronics Maintenance Officer (Aviation) (II), Ground Launched Missile System Maintenance Officer, Surface to Air Missile Systems Ordnance Technician, Surface to Air Missile Systems Fire Control Technician, Surface Air Defense Systems Acquisition Technician, Surface Air Defense Systems Fire Control Technician, Aviation Communication Systems Technician (AVCOMM SYSTECHS), Air Traffic Control Systems Maintenance Officer (III), Air Traffic Control Navigational Aids Technician, Air Traffic Control Communications Technician, Station Air Traffic Control Surveillance Radar System Technician, Station Air Traffic Control Precision Approach Radar Technician, Air Traffic Control Systems Maintenance Chief, Tactical Data Systems Equipment (TDSE) Repairer, Tactical Air Command Center CTAPS/Systems Administrator, Tactical Data Systems Administrator (TDSA), Tactical Data Communications Central Technician, Tactical Air Operations/Air Defense Systems Technician, Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Officer (II/III), Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic Rolls Royce Pegasus, Aircraft Nondestructive Inspection Operator, Aircraft Power Plants Test Cell Operator, Fixed Wing, Individual Material Readiness List (IMRL) Asset Manager, Aircraft Non-Destructive Inspection Technician, Aircraft Non-Destructive Inspection Operator, Aircraft Maintenance Administration Specialist, Aircraft Maintenance Data Analyst/Administrator, Aircraft Intermediate Level Hydraulic/Pneumatic Mechanic-Trainee, Aircraft Intermediate Level Hydraulic/Pneumatic Mechanic, Aircraft Maintenance Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Mechanic-Trainee, Aircraft Maintenance Supply Equipment Hydraulic/Pneumatic/Structure, Aircraft Maintenance Support Equipment Electrician/ Refrigeration, Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic-Trainee, Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8, Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, KC-130/MV-22, Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, F/A-18, Aircraft Intermediate Level Structures Mechanic-Trainee, Aircraft Intermediate Level Structures Mechanic, Aircraft Intermediate Level Hydraulic/Pneumatic Mechanic Trainee, Helicopter Power Plants Mechanic, T-400/T-700, Helicopter/Tiltrotor Dynamic Components Mechanic, Aircraft Power Plants Test Cell Operator, Rotary Wing/Tiltrotor, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, F-402, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, J-52, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Power Plants Mechanic, F-404, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Mechanic, KC-130, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Engineer, KC-130 Trainee, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic-Trainee, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, EA-6, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, KC-130, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, F/A-18, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Airframe Mechanic, F-35B, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic-Trainee, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, AV-8/TAV-8, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, EA-6, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, KC-130/V-22, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Safety Equipment Mechanic, F-35B, Aircraft Communications/Navigation Electrical/Weapon Systems Technician-Trainee, OMA, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Radar Systems Technician, AV-8, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Radar Systems Technician, EA-6, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Avionics Technician, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Weapon Systems Technician, AV-8, Aircraft Communications/Navigation Systems Technician, KC-130, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Radar Systems Technician, F/A-1, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Radar Systems Technician F- 35, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Electrical Systems Technician, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Electrical/Weapon Systems Technician, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Electrical/Weapons Systems Technician, V-22, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Electrical/Systems Technician, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician-Trainee, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, AV-8, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, EA-6, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, KC-130, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, F/A-18, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician, F-35B, Aircraft Electronic Countermeasures Systems Technician, EA-6B, Aircraft Communications/Navigation Systems Technician Trainee, IMA, Aircraft Communications Systems Technician, IMA, Aircraft Navigation Systems Technician, IFF/RADAR/TACAN, IMA, Aircraft Communications/Navigation/Cryptographic Systems Technician, Aircraft Cryptographic Systems Technician, IMA, Aviation Electronic Microminiature/Instrument and Cable Repair Technician, IMA, Aircraft Electrical Systems Technician Trainee, Aircraft Electrical/Instrument/Flight Control Systems Technician, Advanced Aircraft Electrical/Instrument/Flight Control Systems Technician, CASS HP Configuration Operator/Maintainer/Technician, IMA, Aircraft Inertial Navigation System Technician, IMA, CASS EO Configuration Operator/Maintainer/Technician/IMA, Consolidated Automatic Support System (CASS) Technician, IMA, Aircraft Elec Equip Test Set (EETS)/Mobile Elec Test Set Tech, IMA, CASS Test Station IMA Advanced Maintenance Technician, IMA, Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS), Electro-Optical (EO)/Forward Looking Infrared Tech (FLTR), Consolidated Automated Support System High Power/Radar Technician, Aircraft Electronic Countermeasures Systems Technician, Fixed Wing, IMA, Aircraft Electronic Countermeasures Systems Technician, Helicopter, CASS EW Configuration Operator/Maintainer/Technician, IMA, Advanced Aircraft ECM System Technician, IMA, Advanced Aircraft Electronic Countermeasures Technician, IMA, Aviation Precision Measuring Equipment (PME) Chief, Aviation Precision Measurement Equipment/Calibration and Repair Technician, IMA, Aviation Meteorological Equipment Technician, OMA/IMA, Aviation Logistics Tactical Information Systems (ALTIS) Specialist, Aviation Ordnance Munitions Technician, IMA, Automated Information Systems (AIS) Computer Operator, Weapons and Tactics Instructor-Aviation Logistician, Aviation Logistics Information Management and Support (ALIMS) Specialist, Basic Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) Marine, Basic Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) Officer, Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) Officer (II/III), Expeditionary Airfield and Emergency Services Officer (III), Expeditionary Airfield Systems Technician, Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Specialist, Basic Air Control/Air Support/Antiair Warfare/Air Traffic Control Marine, Basic Air Control/Air Support/Antiair Warfare/Air Traffic Control Officer, Air Control/Air Support/Anti-Air Warfare Trainee, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Air Vehicle Operator, Tactical Systems Operator/Mission Specialist, Tactical Systems Officer/Mission Specialist (III), Airborne Radio Operator / In-flight Refueling Observer / Loadmaster Trainee (ARO / IRO / LM), Air Traffic Control & Enlisted Flight Crews Trainee, Pilot VMAQ/VMFP FRS Basic EA-6B Pilot (I), Pilot HMH/M/L/A FRS Basic/CH-53E Pilot (I), FRS Basic Supporting Arms Coordinator (Airborne), Naval Flight Officer (NFO), Qualified Supporting Arms Coordinator (Airborne), FRS Basic RF-4B Airborne Reconnaissance Officer, Landing Signal Officer, Phase I & II Qualified LSO, Quality Assurance Technician (Subsistence), Colonel, Naval Aviator/Naval Flight Officer (I), Combat Rubber Reconnaissance Craft (CRRC) Coxswain, Rigid Raiding Craft (RRC)/Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB) Coxswain, Psychological Operations Non-Commissioned Officer, Reconnaissance Man, Parachutist Qualified, Reconnaissance Man, Combatant Diver Qualified, Reconnaissance Man, Parachute and Combatant Diver Qualified, Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Officer, Military Affiliate Radio System Radio Operator, Environmental Engineering Management Officer, Systems Acquisition Management (SAM) Officer, Ground Control Station (GCS) Internal Pilot, External Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Operator, Electronic/Electrical Maintenance Technician, Billet Designator-Political Military Officer, Regional Affairs Officer, Former Soviet Union, Regional Affairs Officer, Peoples Republic of China, Regional Affairs Officer, Middle East/North Africa, Regional Affairs Officer, Sub-Saharan Africa, Regional Affairs Officer, Eastern Asia (Excluding Peoples Republic of China), Regional Affairs Officer, Eastern Europe (Excluding Former Soviet Union), Colonel, Naval Aviator/Naval Flight Officer, Marine Air-Ground Task Force Plans/Operations Officer, Billet Designator-Air Control/Anti-Air Warfare Officer, Foreign Area Officer, Former Soviet Union, Foreign Area Officer, Middle East/North Africa, Foreign Affairs Officer, Sub-Saharan Africa, Foreign Affairs Officer, East Asia (Excluding PRC), Foreign Affairs Officer, Eastern Europe (Excluding USSR), Acquisition Manager/Acquisition Core Member, Billet Designator-Any Pilot/Naval Flight Officer, Fixed-Wing Transport Aircraft Specialist, KC-130J, Vertical Takeoff Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Officer, Small Computer Systems Operator/Programmer.

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