how to clean a wavy turban shell

Our 7yo daughter found a beautiful operculum from a turban snail at Rincon and we were wondering what it was! The shell lacks an umbilicus, and has a turbinate-conical shape. Theres a product call Chantix that helps people quit smoking. It is an herbivorous generalist and feeds on kelp and coralline algae. [11] SELF nutrition data. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. The Paul Kleiman Story (based on a true story). Can be prepared many ways: grilled, sauted, battered and fried, in pastas, in chowders and soups, and in stir-fries. 1 large shell per package. Both sides are used in jewelry and decoration, though its much easier to secure it in a setting with the flat side down. Wavy Turban Shells reach a maximum diameter of 15 cm (5.9 inches). Thats right, the foot, but they eat pigs feet dont they? No live shelling: Be sure shells are empty and sand dollars, sea stars, and sea urchins are no longer alive before you bring them home. Sea temperature and wave height as predictors of population size structure and density of Megastraea (Lithopoma) undosa: Implications for fishery management. Bulletin of Marine Science 79.1: 71-82. 12 of 22 Items. And while I generally dont look for shells in the tide pools as they tend to be garden variety clam and mussel shells, once in a while there might be an interesting snail shell or even the exoskeleton of a sea urchin (which are very fragile and can crumble under pressure). https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/13458733. No lawn-mowing turkeys or wavy turbans in Smoking in Bed. More research, you say? Soak the shells in the solution. https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/Invertebrates. Shes even more excited about it now. The precise amounts you need of each depends on how many conches you're soaking. [13] H. Beyond Kimchee. Today Im going to share with you my method of how to clean seashells. WebWavy Turban Megastraea undosa. As an Amazon Associate, Rewards Style influencer and Jane Influencer, we earn from qualifying purchases and any sales made through such links will reward us a small commission at no extra cost for you. WebAnswer (1 of 4): Washing a turban is not much different from washing any other clothes. Years ago, it was not unusual to find a beautiful or even rare sea shell at the beach, but millions upon millions of beach-goers have picked up all the readily obvious ones. Characteristics - Turban shells are members of the family Turbinidae and possess a single snail-like shell. The waters retreating faster now, far faster than you can chase it. WebWavy turban snails are commonly found on rock substrate from Point Conception, California to Isla Asuncion, Baja California. Rinse in warm water. Im sure it goes without saying that only completely-vacated shells should ever be collected, and even then, many shells can be used by other creatures as a second-hand home. It's important to use room temperature water and to put the shells in the pot before heating them up because any sudden heat could crack the shells. This species is native to the coast of California. One of the commercials is Ray Liotta acting like hes, well, acting and telling us how he quit with Chanitx. Well, it turns out this was a Chantix ad also. In this species both are covered by a dark brown shaggy periostracum in life. Trust me it doesnt take long for the smelly-factor to start either! A more sustainable approach (both to the environment and the snails themselves, which are harvested and processed alive) is to beachcomb them yourself. WebYou can use Apple snail, mystery snails, escargot, or practically any other type of shell you want, or also PVC elbows with caps can work fine too. If the shell is not clean, return it to the bowl with the other shells and soak 1/2 hour longer. [ 1] Shell is heavy with undulating ridges, and is conical in shape, with a flat base. In fact, based on how wedged-in it was, that shell could have been there for years, or even a century, for all I knew. I always find it surprising how quickly shells start to have a foul odor. If the data is wrong or infringement, please contact us to delete it: feedback@wapcar.com, Persiaran Margosa, Bandar Sri Damansara, 52200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, SALAK, New Salak South Village, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 217, Bandar Kinrara 2, 47100 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Lot 1Section, Persiaran Jubli Perak, 17, Jalan Gelama 17/24, 40000 Shah Alam, Malaysia, Stesyen Minyak Shell Jufiyun Enterprise Lot 14257, Jalan 4, Bandar Kinrara, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia, Jalan Klang Lama, 164, BT 3 1/4, 58000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Jalan Kenanga, Vista Damansara, 47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, Jalan Tenggiri, 13700 Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Lorong Universiti, A 3, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Jln Kota Bharu-Kuala Terengganu, Batu 8, Jalan Kelantan, 21200 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, 388 Shedden Rd, George Town, Cayman Islands, Lot 3895, Batu 4, Jln Cheras, Taman Kobena, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8 Jalan R&R Skudai Kawasan R&R Skudai, 81400 Senai, Johor, Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Adda Utama, Taman Adda, 81100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Lot 44665 Mukim Batu, Kepong, Bandar Menjalara, 52200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, EVs are still exorbitantly out of reach for many Malaysians but for RM 300,000, you might as well get the next best thing than a recond Tesla Model 3 and that is the Kia EV6. This seems unsavory and my guess is it needs to be stopped. Reproduction occurs year-round, but peaks in the spring and fall. Learn how to process seashells and make beautiful unique jewelries. Mishkon/iNaturalist Taxonomic description As one of the largest turbinid gastropods in California, this snail can grow its shell up to 15.24 cm (6 inches) long! 3.5-4 inches. That said, there are marine biologists who spend a lot of time looking at the gonads of sea snails. On one end, 50k of them like them enough to form a quirky Facebook group. In this species both are covered by a dark brown shaggy periostracum in life. WebStep 1: Start With Clean Board. It's all good, some of us like our car ownership r sum diverse, and if you belong to this subsetyou'll want to pay attention to the 2023 Toyota Hilux GR Sport. The periostracumisthe flaky, leathery covering that coats most seashells. This species occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean from California, USA to Central Baja California, Mexico. In just over 10 years, EVs have gone from fringe rich mans plaything (think original 2012 Tesla Model S) to the inevitable future of mobility. I then use a microfiber towel to squeeze any excess moisture out of my hair and let it air-dry. Instructions Mix 3 Tbsp of bleach per 1 gallon of water into a bucket. Sitemap, Pearlized Wavy Turban Shell - Astraea Turbanicum - (1 shell approx. This species is native (That Kellets whelk in the next tide pool over did seem to be eyeing you rather hungrily.). Megastraea undosa, common name the wavy turban snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Look at all of these gorgeous blue seashells! 2. Predators include sea stars, Kellet's whelks, octopuses, lobsters, and fishes. I will definitely be trying this the next time I go to the beach. They have three "prickly" ridges that resemble waves. The shell lacks an umbilicus, and has a turbinate-conical shape. Californias Living Marine Resources: A Status Report, pgs. - Turbo Petholatus, Baby Pearl Trochus Seashells (approx. This page was last edited on 11 August 2022, at 15:01. One can spend hours and hours exploring the tide pools. You need enough bleach and water to fully submerge your conches. Once you've mixed the bleach and water, add This large snail inhabits rocky shores in shallow waters, generally protected areas below the low tide level. In its first month of sales, the WR-V has overtaken the Raize as Indonesias best-selling compact SUV and that momentum seems to continue according to the latest sales data. WebThis video will teach you how to clean your seashells ! All-new 2023 D74A Perodua Axia vs Toyota Agya, Daihatsu Ayla: Do Malaysians get the best? 2. Instructions. 2023 Toyota Hilux GR-S Specs in Malaysia Price RM 159,880 Segment Pick-up truck Engine 2.8L 1GD-FTV turbodiesel 204 PS @ 3,000 - 3,400 rpm 500 Nm @ 1,600 - 2,800 rpm Transmission 6-speed automatic Drivetrain Part-time 4x4 Origin CKD, Shah Alam For a model that's synonymous with, You may have seen photos of the Toyota GR86s fuel door that says Premium Unleaded 98RON Fuel Only circling on social media, catching the attention of even owners of the first generation Toyobaru 86/BRZ (lets call it first-gen from here onwards). One of the largest gastropod shells found on the Southern California coast, this species varies between 40mm and 145mm. WebThis would include all types of green algae, hair algae, and macro algaes. Pearlized Abalone Seashell Similar to the red abalone, however,these shells have been complete, Olive Shell AssortmentOlive shells are a group of carnivorous mollusks and have a wide variety of co, Calf Cowrie Shells - Cypraea VitellusCalf Cowries or Pacific Deer Cowries are found in the Indo-Paci, Pearlized Jade Turbo Shell - Turbo BurgessiThese specimen-grade Pearlized Jade Turbo shells have a b, Polished Jade Turbo Shell - Turbo BurgessiThese beautiful specimen grade Jade Turbo shells have a de, Gorgeous pearlized, 'silver' Trochus shell. In this one, we unload and clean some amazing shells that i recently purchased, as well as pearl some top shells! Most operculums are round or oval, with an attractive spiral pattern on one side. And it has taken half as long for the market to get saturated with every form and size of an inoffensive EV model that com, This week, our part of the world scored a triple whammy of new cars: Indonesia kicked things off with the all-new 2023 Toyota Agya, then Malaysia launched the 2023 D74A Perodua Axia, before passing the baton back to Indonesia for the unveiling of the 2023 Daihatsu Ayla. Were talking a, Maybe you're worn a little thin from SUV this, SUV that. [14] Nassau Paradise Island. This post so much. Ian Taniguchi and Laura Rogers-Bennett California Department of Fish and Game, 2001. Available: https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=34371, [2] Alf, Axel. The shells of wavy turban snails are used to make buttons! Learn more . Size. Mercedes-Benz EQB EV (X243) - Class of one 7-seater EV, but does it actually work? As the warm, sunny weather returns to Southern California, we tend to visit the beach quite often. Accessed 3 February 2021. There are two main growth periods, a low growth period in the spring and summer and a high growth period in fall and witner. https://www.nassauparadiseisland.com/recipe-conch-fritters. How do you clean wavy turban shells? Each whorl also has regular, coarsely sculpted rows of fine knobs and folds. If youre lucky enough to visit the beaches along our Southern California coast, you just might come across one of my favorite ocean finds: the oval, ridged operculum of the wavy turban snailMegastraea undosa from this mornings tide pool adventure. How To: Wavy Top Turban Snails. Spearboard.com. https://wildlife.ca.gov/fishing/commercial/landings#260042586-2019. Perhaps its the introvert in me that appreciates the turban snails way of shielding itself when the outside world is less than hospitable. Its good to get out in nature, and when you do, pay attention and observe the details. Display shells in a dish, tray or container. Accessed 16 Sept 2020. Enter Your Email Address To Have Our Posts Delivered To Your Inbox! WebThe Wavy Turban is found from California all the way down to Mexico in sub-tidal waters. Like other shells of the family turbinidae it is composed of a thick inner nacreous layer, covered by a thinner porcellanous layer. Discard the bleach-water mixture. WebThe wavy turban snails meat is similar in taste and texture to abalone, which is why it is sometimes processed and sold as wavalone! 180-200 shells 0.25 inch). Someone has to do it. Thats why these topics are written about here. No lawn-mowing turkeys or wavy turbans in Smoking in Bed . Grab a toothbrush or sponge and softly rub as much of the algae as you can away. From its humble roots with the little Kancil to the all-new Alza, Malaysias second carmaker deserves its Building cars, people first tagline. Does this mean they only mate once a year? This board has just been cleaned. A type of sea snail found in many oceans. Operculum's are in the same category as Tiger Eye's, which were used to make jewelry with. These are gorgeous specimens. Web. And of course scallop shells and so forth. Further down the gamut you have the hardcore kaki kecam who are frothing to give you an earful (eyeful?) Astraea undosa - Properties - The Taxonomicon, Rogers, Julia Ellen (1907), The shell book, Proo, Sag del, Larval and early juvenile development of the wavy turban snail, Megastraea undosa (Wood, 1828) (Gastropoda: Turbinidae); The Veliger 46 (4), 2003, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megastraea_undosa&oldid=1103926393, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. if you so much as so dare to choose a lower-end German car. WebThe Wavy Turban is found from California all the way down to Mexico in sub-tidal waters. What are they recruiting these juveniles for? [1] Taniguchi, Ian, and Laura Rogers-Bennet, California Department of Fish and Game. Some of the sand, mud, and algae will come off immediately. Megastraea (astraea) undosa (a common name is the wavy turban snail) is a species of sea snail a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Malibu, with its dramatic coastline, turquoise waters, and private beaches, is a major draw, and is about a 22 minute drive. WebPolished Jade Turbo Shell w/Pearlized Stripe - Turbo Burgessi - (1 shell approx. Fill a pot with equal parts water and bleach. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megastraea_undosa. They range in depths from the intertidal zone down to over 250 feet. Mature females are longer than 8.89 cm (3.5 inches) and males are longer than 7.87 cm (3.1 inches) in diameter. Now, I get reproductive phases and spawning. WebThe scientific name Turbo cornutus, literally means "horned turban," and it is characterized by a hard, ventricose, spiny, imperforate shell of which the length varies between 65 mm (2.6 in) and 120 mm (4.7 in). I find the curving lines of these shells uniquely elegant, which is why I enjoy featuring them in my jewelry. Big hugs, CoCo. 2018. Prepare your bleach solution. Dont worry the shells are only this shiny after first applying the mineral oil. Lets respect the snails privacy and dignity, shall we? How do you clean a wavy turban shell? Its both an adventure and an education, and hence a great thing to do with kids. Gonad growth and maturity take place during the spring and early summer, followed by spawning in late summer. This door to the sea protected a living creature, allowing it to survive in the ever-changing intertidal zone. A couple of years since then, that wish is now true as it adds to our ever-expanding GR umbrella. Saltwater is lifeyou cant survive without it. Also read: Its name is not Supra, but Toyot, Sat behind the wheel of the 2023 Mercedes-Benz EQB 350, cruising down the road at a calm and quiet 90 km/h, a thought comes to mind this car actually works and its perhaps the only time Ive ever felt that while driving an EV. Soak your seashells in a bath of water overnight or longer if your not in a rush (up to 7 days) . But you can put in a low-power filter that enables oxygenation and minimal water movement. View whole Malaysia gas station latest petrol prices, address, openning hours, videos, photos, reviews, location, news on WapCar. Rinse and wash shells thoroughly in hot soapy water while scrubbing with the old toothbrush. Smaller Wavy Turbans are found on rocks just below the intertidal zone. Wipe seashells with a clean microfiber cloth. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573592. They are about the si, 2390-C Las Posas Road #193 1. I only collect non-living seashells from the beach. Join our mailing list and receive funding and fellowship information, news releases, and job announcements. 20-25 shells 1 - 2.5 inches), Calf Cowrie Shells - Cypraea Vitellus - (5 shells approx. A tattered book was reimagined into Christmas deco [16] mishkon. Zoosymposia 13: 070-082.https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.13.1.8. Place the seashells in a large pot of room temperature water. When shells are completely dry, buff with a small amount of mineral oil. [2] This species is native to the coast of California.[3]. It has a large, thick, green-gray shell with irregular incremental striae and spiral lirae. MUSIC: 1.\"Birds\" 2.\"Satin Sugar\"FROM: YouTube Audio LibraryAbout this Channel - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XNo9Jewelry Making Tutorials - http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKz21al88ViEih85hG7ZiSZIYQmsv6WV0Liz Kreate Recipe - http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKz21al88ViFhoAEfZDfOtHqrQqBllUuXHow to Find Gold and Gems - http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKz21al88ViGnuqq5sYBjuBthfKPhRNGOPEDRO the Budgie - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKz21al88ViEmoVtph1ZjkyGfMchZFcgULAPIDARY Gem Cutting - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKz21al88ViFknwDrLvXnyCXL_PaOuago But a little chocolate no Check out our 5 best tips for creating a home you love on a budget! Available: https://ohmyomiyage.wordpress.com/2012/10/04/grilled-sea-snails-sazae-n. It wouldnt budge. The sporty coupe SUV style suits the look of the EV though so, Though the compact SUV market in Indonesia is fairly new, it has been dominated mostly by the Toyota Raize and Daihatsu Rocky. Being an east coast girl, I had never seen blue mussel shells on the beach before. While both SUVs are priced close to one another in Indonesia, the WR-V wont be looking at, For nearly 30 years, Perodua is seen by many Malaysians as a name they can truly trust when it comes to making a car. Sorry. https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/44499995. Hello and welcome to Kleimansays.coms version of National Geographic. Maybe you should start a sea shell exchange! Those blue shells are gorgeous! 151 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 153 /H [ 4068 486 ] /L 207866 /E 153932 /N 2 /T 204727 >> endobj xref 151 182 0000000016 00000 n 0000003992 00000 n 0000004554 00000 n 0000006810 00000 n 0000008463 00000 n 0000008629 00000 n 0000010282 00000 n 0000010452 00000 n 0000012105 00000 n 0000012269 00000 n 0000013542 00000 n 0000013701 00000 n 0000013724 00000 n 0000016262 00000 n 0000016285 00000 n 0000018508 00000 n 0000018531 00000 n 0000020788 00000 n 0000020811 00000 n 0000022958 00000 n 0000022981 00000 n 0000025289 00000 n 0000025312 00000 n 0000025483 00000 n 0000026764 00000 n 0000028045 00000 n 0000028209 00000 n 0000030441 00000 n 0000030464 00000 n 0000032634 00000 n 0000032657 00000 n 0000049868 00000 n 0000051006 00000 n 0000051241 00000 n 0000051265 00000 n 0000051288 00000 n 0000051311 00000 n 0000052698 00000 n 0000052721 00000 n 0000064908 00000 n 0000064932 00000 n 0000065161 00000 n 0000071146 00000 n 0000071169 00000 n 0000072847 00000 n 0000073068 00000 n 0000085307 00000 n 0000085331 00000 n 0000085354 00000 n 0000085585 00000 n 0000085608 00000 n 0000085631 00000 n 0000087280 00000 n 0000088674 00000 n 0000088902 00000 n 0000088925 00000 n 0000090585 00000 n 0000094449 00000 n 0000094684 00000 n 0000096706 00000 n 0000096729 00000 n 0000098761 00000 n 0000098782 00000 n 0000098803 00000 n 0000098827 00000 n 0000144756 00000 n 0000144810 00000 n 0000145087 00000 n 0000145421 00000 n 0000145733 00000 n 0000146097 00000 n 0000146150 00000 n 0000146203 00000 n 0000146256 00000 n 0000146309 00000 n 0000146362 00000 n 0000146415 00000 n 0000146468 00000 n 0000146521 00000 n 0000146574 00000 n 0000146627 00000 n 0000146680 00000 n 0000146733 00000 n 0000146786 00000 n 0000146839 00000 n 0000146892 00000 n 0000146945 00000 n 0000146998 00000 n 0000147051 00000 n 0000147104 00000 n 0000147157 00000 n 0000147210 00000 n 0000147263 00000 n 0000147317 00000 n 0000147370 00000 n 0000147423 00000 n 0000147476 00000 n 0000147529 00000 n 0000147582 00000 n 0000147635 00000 n 0000147688 00000 n 0000147741 00000 n 0000147794 00000 n 0000147847 00000 n 0000147900 00000 n 0000147953 00000 n 0000148006 00000 n 0000148059 00000 n 0000148112 00000 n 0000148165 00000 n 0000148218 00000 n 0000148271 00000 n 0000148324 00000 n 0000148377 00000 n 0000148430 00000 n 0000148483 00000 n 0000148536 00000 n 0000148589 00000 n 0000148642 00000 n 0000148695 00000 n 0000148748 00000 n 0000148801 00000 n 0000148854 00000 n 0000148907 00000 n 0000148960 00000 n 0000149013 00000 n 0000149066 00000 n 0000149119 00000 n 0000149172 00000 n 0000149225 00000 n 0000149278 00000 n 0000149331 00000 n 0000149384 00000 n 0000149437 00000 n 0000149490 00000 n 0000149543 00000 n 0000149596 00000 n 0000149649 00000 n 0000149703 00000 n 0000149756 00000 n 0000149809 00000 n 0000149862 00000 n 0000149915 00000 n 0000149969 00000 n 0000150022 00000 n 0000150076 00000 n 0000150129 00000 n 0000150182 00000 n 0000150235 00000 n 0000150288 00000 n 0000150341 00000 n 0000150394 00000 n 0000150447 00000 n 0000150500 00000 n 0000150553 00000 n 0000150606 00000 n 0000150659 00000 n 0000150712 00000 n 0000150765 00000 n 0000150818 00000 n 0000150871 00000 n 0000150924 00000 n 0000150977 00000 n 0000151030 00000 n 0000151083 00000 n 0000151136 00000 n 0000151189 00000 n 0000151242 00000 n 0000151295 00000 n 0000151348 00000 n 0000151401 00000 n 0000151454 00000 n 0000151507 00000 n 0000151560 00000 n 0000151613 00000 n 0000151666 00000 n 0000151719 00000 n 0000151772 00000 n 0000151825 00000 n 0000151897 00000 n 0000004068 00000 n 0000004532 00000 n trailer << /Size 333 /Info 150 0 R /Root 152 0 R /Prev 204716 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 152 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 149 0 R /Outlines 141 0 R >> endobj 331 0 obj << /S 197 /T 644 /O 688 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 332 0 R >> stream 2019. Web. 2019. Information is provided for100g of raw turban snail. 3.5-4 inches) $16.00. If the algae level drops to the point of there not being enough in the aquarium for this snail to eat, you can supplement their diet with dried seaweed. This species occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean from California, USA to Central Baja California, Mexico. Beachcombing MagazineJuly/August 2021 issue, Identifying Fossils on the Great Lakes Shores, Beachcombing, One-Year Digital Subscription, Beachcombing Clearance - Back Issues and Seconds. WebLearn how to process seashells and make beautiful unique jewelries. The most interesting thing about the Wavy Turban (besides its culturally appropriating name, that is)? Most filtration can work, just be careful that the fry can't get sucked up and make sure you do not use an UGF (Under-Gravel Filter) due to the possibility of sand compacting under it. Empty shell of a Haliotis fulgens (green abalone); according to McLean's 1978 book, Marine Shells of Southern California, this species seldom occurs deeper than 25 feet and is restricted to the Californian province (Pt. Megastraea undosa, common name the wavy turban snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Please note that this post contains affiliate links. Shell of wavy turban snail ( Megastraea undosa, formerly Astraea undosa) conspicuous chiton ( Stenoplax conspicua) -. Biological Conservation 176: 224-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.031. May need to plan a trip! But as those operculums are much weaker, its the calcareous shells that have caught the attention of humans for thousands of years. Pearlized Wavy Turban Shell - Astraea Turbanicum. News and offers from Beachcombing Magazine. 2023 Mercedes-Benz A200 (V177) Price RM 229,888 Segment Subcompact Exec. Wavy Turban, Megastraea undosa(W. Wood, 1828), in a member of the Turbinidae Family of Turban Shells, that are also known as the Waxy Top Shell and in Mexico as caracol panocha. For a spicy Korean sea snail salad recipe that wavy turban snail can be substitued in, visit, For a Bahamian conch fritter recipe that can use sea snail as a substitute, visit. Note: It can be more common for a turban snail to fall off the rocks as compared to other snails. Digital image. Inseperable as the trio are, the three of them are all-new models, sharing the same Daihatsu New Global Architecture (DNGA) platform, general look, and some performance metrics how do they stack up? All you need is love. All images are used by permission and are the property of their respective owners.

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