The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Born: 7 September 1533. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Company Reg no: 04489574. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? West Yorkshire, To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. The invasion failed, however. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. First English colony in Virginia established. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Copy. Elizabeth mock: "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main - Quizlet Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Topic guides / The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. Henry himself gave people cause . She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . Dedicated to. Mary was spared. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Boston House, Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Most people in . The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. West Yorkshire, The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther.

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