Solved The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over - Chegg The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Early. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. Her explanation for the accident provides and example of. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. to have power or mastery over. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). Does the sender (maker) of a debit memorandum record a debit or a credit in the recipients account? The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. 6 facts about Americans and marijuana | Pew Research Center Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like modern racism, ingroup bias, been more racially prejudiced than others and more. The tenency to favor our own group: Term. that most people like women more than men. ch 9 quiz Flashcards | Quizlet B) self-serving bias. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. What term best describes Elena's behavior? the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). d. less; less, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. Answer 23:- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own cultu . The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: They are motivated by . the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. Since 1946, the average midterm loss for the president's party is 25 seats. Impact. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . "Oh, no, never," the woman said. For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. does not simply mean taking pride in one's group; it also involves asserting the group's superiority over other groups. The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). a. ingroup bias. At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. Where stereotypes are related to thinking, prejudices are more emotional in nature. First, people are interested in understanding the intentions of others. c. social facilitation. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. If someone is in our "ingroup," we are more likely to trust them. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups. d. sensory cortex. attitude. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". The IAT measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. bias. As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. Devine, P. G. (1989). Rudman, L. A., & Ashmore, R. D. (2007). Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. This is how the IAT works: measuring tiny differences in the time it takes you to make judgments. exclusivity. Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. c. frontal lobes d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. For example, the interviewer might hold a negative view of women and, without even realizing it, act distant and withdrawn while interviewing the female candidate. Although the interviewer may not be blatantly biased, their automatic or implicit biases may be harmful to one of the applicants. Receives a utility bill on July 2 totaling $4,560 for services received during June. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. Basically, rumination . Groupthink: . They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. b. the bystander effect. Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. c. Conflict HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. (1974). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. Tendency - definition of tendency by The Free Dictionary Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? d. deindividuation. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. Also called the cross- race effect and the own- race bias. Chapter 9 Flashcards | Chegg.com Historical examples abound. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). These maps of the group terrain predict specific types of discrimination for specific kinds of groups. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. c. deindividuation. For instance, the constitution of the United States attempted to ensure that all people were represented by the government and could participate in the creation of government. refers to the tendency to view the world through ones own cultural Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Duverger's law - Wikipedia However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. Just that morning, a court officer had confiscated a juror's copy of The New York Post with the case on the cover. Its not that the person high in SDO wants to control what this outgroup member does; its that moving into this nice neighborhood disrupts the social hierarchy the person high in SDO believes in (i.e. By contrast, those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. Peoples identities are multifaceted, intersecting across gender, race, class, age, region, and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. Free Group Study Rooms with Timer & Music | Fiveable Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. Distinguish prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. For example, by crediting the ingroup for its successes, while blaming external factors for its failures. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. First, there is the problem of stereotyping. HLT. Table 12.2 The Collective Self-Esteem Scale. What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. This phenomenon is known as ________. However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. Under the proper circumstances, most people can suppress their natural aggressiveness. What are the demand functions in this case? We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. 30. A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. d. oxytocin. Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. b. the just-world phenomenon. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. It's awful what the human race can do, even with the way we . CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. - Course Hero Suicide and suicidal thoughts - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. skepticism. Intergroup relations. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. Women cannot drive. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. self-worth. 29 terms. The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black. (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. This way of perceiving and making . c. blood alcohol. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? swissworld: saisons The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. (1998). believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups . This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). Also called the cross-race effct and the own-race . Ethnocentrism. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. In general, those high in SDO have a strong belief in work ethicthat hard work always pays off and leisure is a waste of time. Rumination: Problem Solving Gone Wrong | Psychology Today C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. b. deindividuation. Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. What Is Self-Serving Bias? | Definition & Example - scribbr.com Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). b. less; more University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. The extrinsic incentives bias is best described as the tendency for Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. One explanation is that historical biases were widespread and institutionalized. This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. We group household objects together as furniture, certain domestic animals as pets, and certain books as classics. Categories are helpful because they provide a mental roadmap for how to interact in novel situations. It pays the utility bill during July. e. Essentialism. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . Do you know more people from different kinds of social groups than your parents did? d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. a. amygdala This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. What term describes the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? b. physical attractiveness. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. b. implicit prejudice. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? NIMBY | Meaning, Examples, & Facts | Britannica School California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Course Title PSYC 3500; Uploaded By staceymartinez1224. We naturally categorize people by age, language, occupation, ethnicity, income, and many other qualities. Compared with nonplayers, people with extensive exposure to violent video gaming display ________ desensitization to violence, and they are ________ likely to help an injured victim. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. Frontiers | Preferences and beliefs in ingroup favoritism Historically, The President's Party Performs Poorly In The - Forbes The Peter Principle: What It Is and How to Overcome It - Investopedia Employees were reimbursed when they presented petty cash vouchers to the petty cash custodian. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. ethnocentrism.d. One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: In-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in naturally - PLOS c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. a. cognitive dissonance. The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. b. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people.
