Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Johnny Otis Collection (SC 106) Over 800 radio programs of black popular music (live and prerecorded), hosted by Johnny Otis, and featuring live interviews with blues and rhythm & blues artists from the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Jun 8, 2015 - Explore April's board "Radio Stars of the 40's and 50's", followed by 2,433 people on Pinterest. Radio was a primary vehicle for the exchange of information and news during the Depression. Nearly 60 years ago, WJSV, a radio station located in Washington, DC, recorded their entire broadcast day. My watch stopped I'll get it. Radio was the best buy for escape and information during hard times. Radio Voices: American Broadcasting, 19221952. The FCC consisted of seven members appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate. Major shifts in the United States' political and policy priorities were happening under President Roosevelt as he sought to lead the nation out of the Depression, and the radio played a key role in reporting these changes. (Picks up phone. From the old Oak Grove Hotel to the present day studios on 2nd Avenue and 7th Street, WCCO has brought Minnesota and Upper Midwest radio listeners big news stories and major events . Whut you goin' do wid it? Prestige anthology shows brought together writers such as Archibald MacLeish and Norman Corwin with actors from the legitimate stage such as Helen Hayes and Orson Welles, and film-based anthology shows such as The Lux Radio Theatre and Academy Award Theater featured movie stars of the day reading live radio versions of their motion-picture roles. Such creativity by non-whites and non-Protestants did not mesh well with the racist doctrines of the Nazis who preached the dominance of white society. The fireside chats allowed Americans to feel an intimacy with their president that few had felt beforePresident Roosevelt was in their living room, expressing his concerns, empathizing with their situation. In effect, four Justices ruled that the right under a private contract to exact a pound of flesh was more sacred than the main objectives of the Constitution to establish an enduring Nation. Despite an initial decline in radio ownership in the early part of the Depression, children and others started becoming avid radio listeners. Germany was invading its neighbors. President Roosevelt used the radio for regular "fireside chats" with the American people, explaining the major events of the time and his response to them in a calm and reassuring voice. Millions of American soldiers left for World War II, and with them went men and women journalists - most notably the "Murrow boys." Edward R. Murrow, made famous by World War II, began a transition from radio to television. Mr. Riechman was the distributor for Majestic Radios and felt the future was in selling radios rather than in broadcasting. Radio-info.com has a chat board for aircheck collectors. Walter Winchel l eventually died friendless and . Approaches to news, commentary, and political persuasion were established during the early days of radio and were adapted to later media. Beyond the proliferation of entertainment, radio addressed some more serious issues. WSM Radio - Air Personalities. Murrow's broadcasts during the Battle of Britain were often accompanied by air raid sirens or bomb explosions. The Roman Catholic priest from the Detroit, Michigan area was broadcast throughout much of the 1930s. A master ad libber, Allen often tangled with his network's executives (and often barbed them on the air over the battles), while developing routines the style and substance of which influenced contemporaries and futures among comic talents, including Groucho Marx, Stan Freberg, Henry Morgan and Johnny Carson, but his fans also included President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and novelists William Faulkner, John Steinbeck and Herman Wouk (who began his career writing for Allen). Gosden and Correllboth white menappeared in black face and portrayed two Southern men forced to move to a Northern city. Radio news had reached its maturity. The National Association of Broadcasters created standards of performance and objectivity that spawned discussion and that evolved throughout the rest of the twentieth century. It wasn't until 1920 that radio stations were regularly making commercial broadcasts, beginning with KDKA of Pittsburgh and WWJ of Detroit. Listeners waited impatiently for each new episode to discover what troubles would befall the mishap-prone twosome. The program changed names over the years as it was sponsored by different products, but Benny remained a household name as the protagonist of the show. Daily soap operas, mysteries, science fiction, and fantasy programs were performed alongside radio productions of classic plays and live musical performances. Popular soap operas received thousands of letters from women asking for help with real-life problems. In February of 1936 the Popular Front, a left wing group, opposed by the military, had been elected. Kennedy's good looks and calm demeanor won over many supporters following a live televised debate. The former vaudevillian actor mastered the unique art of radio and created a variety show of immense popularity. In the 1983 movie A Christmas Story, the advertising partnership with "Little Orphan Annie" was lampooned as the message in the long-awaited decoder ring turns out to be "Be sure to drink your Ovaltine." Rather than performing on stage in vaudeville or nightclubs requiring steady travel, they could reach the entire nation from a small studio, week after week. Block programming defined much of radio before TV challenged radio to become the top form of media in the 1950s. "One Man's Family" was a typical radio dramathe story of a multigenerational family, with ongoing stories that weren't too complicated for listeners just joining the show to understand. Many of the 1930s programs would set the standard for programming in all media for the rest of the century. You is de one dat's got take de milk in to him. (Tone. Robin Ophelia Quivers (born August 8, 1952) is an American radio personality, author, and actress, best known for being the long-running news anchor and co-host of The Howard Stern Show. The 1930s were a time of profound and lasting changes at home and abroad. Since most radio soap operas were only fifteen minutes long, many could run in one day. For example candidates for public office must be treated equally and sponsors must be identified. Haile Selassie (1892 - 1975) Emperor of Ethiopia 1930 - 1974. Paley developed and ran the CBS radio and television networks. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Adventures of Maisie (aka Maisie) was a radio comedy series starring Ann Sothern as underemployed entertainer Maisie Ravier, a spin-off of Sothern's successful 1939-1947 Maisie movie series. Sources By the early 1930s Coughlin's broadcasts shifted to economic and political commentary. Later a film and television star, Burns contributed greatly to the development of the early sitcom. William Powell and Myrna Loy performed "The Thin Man" and Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert performed "It Happened One Night." Radio producers experimented with different ways to deliver the news. Amos: Well, whut you goin' do 'bout it? Photo of Santos Ortega as Inspector Queen (father of Ellery), Hugh Marlowe as Ellery Queen and Marian Shockley as Ellery's asistant, Nikki, from the radio program The Adventures of Ellery Queen. The less expensive radio model made radios a household item. To celebrate 40 years of . We Interrupt This Broadcast. Jazz was Audiences were able to hear performances by entertainers that they would never be able to see in person. Allin Slate: An early leader in Los Angeles sports radio from the 1940s through the 1960s. The most famous radio personality in Cleveland history, and a pioneer of early rock 'n' roll. Sports played a major role in the escapism from the Great Depression. on E. 105th between Cedar and Carnegie avenues in the late 1940s and early 1950s, before landing . Some of the more creative radio talents functioned as their own producers, receiving a budget from the agency out of which they paid the supporting actors and crew. AM radio arrived in Milwaukee in the early 1920s, followed by FM radio in the early 1940s, and then HD radio and streaming audio in the early twenty-first century. Some of the early big names in radio moved on as TV stars, such as Dick Clark, Wolfman Jack and Casey Kasem in the 1960s. Amos: You know, YOU wuz de one he tol' to milk de COW. Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. The show, which began slowly and calmly at first, steadily built to a frantic pace, giving the impression of hours passing in minutes. All other chats were similarly big draws among the public. #37 of 61. Andy: Wait a minute, yere, son. For example, newspapers were still more a local and regional form of information sharing. As censorship became stricter toward the end of the 1930s, the networks ruled that there could be no more jokes about nudity. 3. Radio offered a unique communal experience not so readily available in America before. These attacks that were so strong that he was sometimes called the father of hate speech. 61 soap operas on the radio in 1939 alone, and some of the soap operas on television today got their start on radio. Tonight, sitting at my desk in the White House, I make my first radio report to the people in my second term of office. In the United States, active broadcasting preceded firm government policy. WKN New evidence has been sent to us by Alfred Cowles, Jr. that his father Alfred L. Cowles, Sr. started WKN, the first Memphis radio station in 1921. A band remote broadcast of Artie Shaw and his orchestra, with vocalists Helen Forrest and Tony Pastor, from the Blue Room of the Hotel Lincoln, New York City; airdate December 6, 1938. Radio comedies, however, were limited to minstrel-style shows performed by white artists. MIKETERRY MIKE TERRY. New York: Crown Publishing Croup, 2000. Side Projects and Homelife 122123). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. ZACKBENNETT ZACK BENNETT. How was radio used to try to change Americans view of the conflict? Body crumples) There; now he'll be quiet for a minute. RM2HJCMA2 - Dr. Seuss (1904-1991) sketching Clifton Fadiman (1904-1999) as the Cat in the Hat. The war years clearly raised the profile of radios role in society. The FCC took the place of the Federal Radio Commission and oversaw the telecommunications industry as well as broadcasting. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Radios were in almost every house and some Americans even had radios in their cars. As radio grew into a commercial force, it became necessary to determine the popularity of particular shows, as this would affect the price of the programs advertising time. As they moved to radio and their show was broadcast all over the world they had the awesome task of creating new material for each show. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. Franklin D. Roosevelt used radio to talk directly to Americans in his fireside chats. News events such as the Lindbergh baby kidnapping and the Hindenburg disaster captured the nations attention. The show has subsequently been criticized as racially insensitive and insulting, but some critics contend that it humanized black people. January 21, 2013, . Kaltenborn (18781965). Kaltenborn also covered the Munich appeasement Radio stars have had their place on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ever since its inception, right alongside recording artists, screen legends and television icons. American Decades: 19301939. With the growth of broadcast news organizations at this time, the public could be informed as never before. Disc jockeys"DJs" who play music on the radiohave had a key role in shaping Philadelphia musical tastes since the 1950s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966. This program provided a key opportunity during the Depression when many could not afford to go to movie theaters. The disc jockey became important in Chicago radio during the 1930s, well before the term "disc jockey" was coined in the 1940s. Walter Winchell specialized in publishing gossip and other information that some critics deemed inappropriate. His plan was to make radios affordable and to bring music into the home by way of wireless technology. With the consolidation of radios into networks, the configuration of the radio industry began to look like the major television networks of the late twentieth century. Bergmeier, Horst J. Hitler's Airwaves: The Inside Story of Nazi Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda Swing. Alienation from American traditions was minimized and a foundation for a later boon in such interests following World War II was established. On paper tape, a stylus would scratch a signal showing which station a radio was tuned to during every moment that it was in use. Charles Coughlin was a Canadian-American Catholic priest and populist leader who promoted antisemitic and pro-fascist views. KSTP in St. Paul Minnesota covered a wedding in a hot air balloon for its listeners. Music was performed live during the early days of radio, so studios were built large enough to accommodate full orchestras. On March 9, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt gave his ninth "fireside chat" over the airwaves to the public. Americans listened to the radio and heard bombs exploding in background as a reporter explained that London was being attacked. Andy: Now, lissen yere, Amosdon't never try to tell me whut to do or whut not to do. Age: 70 . Child development specialists expressed concern that children were foregoing more wholesome activities, such as studying, reading, playing sports, and outdoor activities in favor of sitting passively inside, next to the radio, listening. It builds to a crescendo as she screams: 'Tommie! Walter Winchell (18971972). October 2nd, 1924, the day WCCO Radio came to the airwaves of Minnesota. In 1933 Edwin Howard Armstrong produced the first FM transmitter and receiver, although it was six years before an FM station would air. This also represented the golden age of sportscasters who eloquently described the sporting events and created colorful images of the sports stars. "Radio 1929-1941 The amazing growth of radio programming during the Depression established all of the major genres in television: dramas, comedies, variety shows, soap operas, talk shows, news commentary, and more. Born before the first commercial radio stations went on the air, Harvey fashioned a personality and career that spanned the medium's Golden Age, its postwar retreat into a pop jukebox and its later resurgence as the place for news and talk exactly what Harvey did for more than 75 years. was concerned about service to rural areas, competition in the communications industry, and recent technological advances. The military tried to convince the people of Spain that During World War I, most private U.S. radio stations were either shut down or taken over by the government under order of President Woodrow Wilson, and it was illegal for U.S. citizens to possess an operational transmitter or receiver. Jack Benny (18941974). In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. Women were the key listeners during the daytime, so household products such as soap were eager advertisers for those time slots. Carpenter, Ronald H. Father Charles E. Coughlin: Surrogate Spokesman for the Disaffected. Programs during the Golden Age of Radio frequently took the name of their sponsors. The networks encouraged the companies to develop programming to attract more and more listeners. Radio and film star George Burns claimed that radio was an easier medium than others since the performers could read their lines rather than having to memorize them. unfolding elsewhere by communities experiencing the same Depression-spawned problems as theirs. The immediacy of information had the added impact of making the entire world feel like one's neighborhood. Her distinctive, high-pitched voice also took people by surprise. As a result there was vigilance to keep off the air anything that might be interpreted as supportive of these politics or in opposition to government efforts to bring about economic recovery. As the country came increasingly close to war, his diocese, in Detroit, chose to review his statements prior to broadcast. Today's recovery proves how right that policy was. Music programming was the most prevalent throughout the decade, and despite the growth in news, dramas, and comedies, by 1940 music still provided 50 percent of radio programming. "Blondie," "Gasoline Alley," and "Li'l Abner" were closely followed by both children and adults. Radio was used to communicate political positions, and to show support of, and against, politicians. His special comedic style allowed the joke to be at his expense, instead of at the expense of others. He spoke with clarion clarity, his voice an elocution . In the earliest years of network radios heyday, most of the evening programs were produced and broadcast from New York City. Hattie McDaniel took over in Nov of 1947. Early Work For example they created the character of Dick Tracy, Jr. who encouraged listeners to become Dick Tracy Junior Detectives by sending in box tops from certain cereals. The screenwriter, performer and composer was . Initially a supporter of President Roosevelt and his New Deal programs, Coughlin became disillusioned and turned into a fierce critic. Music publishing companies hired song pluggers to "place" their songs with singers and musicians. Broadcasting had become a profession in the 1930s and was experiencing the growing pains of becoming an established and accepted part of society. Sound effects are an important part of communicating drama and comedy over the radio. By 1944 it had been renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). In 1933 you and I knew that we must never let our economic system get completely out of joint againthat we could not afford to take the risk of another great depression. In radios earliest days, Hollywood did not provide network programming, with rare exceptions. Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll (18991982). Andy: On second thought, yere, we better not tell him nothin' 'bout losin' part o' de milk 'cause I don' want him jumpin' all over me. "Apache Peak," an episode of the western series Tales of the Texas Rangers, starring Joel McCrea; airdate July 22, 1950. But that began what we called "personality radio." . Jean Colbert (?1995). 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Individuals all over America laughed together at Jack Benny and worried together over alien invasion orchestrated in a studio by Orson Welles. Composer Irving Berlin complained that Americans were becoming listeners rather than singers. When German planes bombed the Basque town of Guernica in Spain in 1937, it solidified writer and director Norman Corwin's hatred of fascism. Later in the 1930s as Spain descended into civil war, radio became pivotal in rallying the forces opposing the military government. Amos: He's li'ble to find it out though. Detroits WXYZ became a major force in 1933 with popular shows such as The Lone Ranger. American women considered how their favorite characters dealt with the challenges of life. KELLYSUTTON KELLY SUTTON. Sablan is a radio personality and the first radio producer inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 2016. Barnouw, Erik. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Golden-Age-of-American-radio, Long Wharf Theatre - The Golden Age of Radio, Public Broadcasting Service - Radio In The 1930s, Digital Public Library of America - Golden Age of Radio in the US, Audio Engineering Society - Golden Age of Radio. The program began as Sam n Henry on Chicagos WGN station in 1926 and quickly became a national phenomenon when it made its network debut under its new name in 1929. It was a time of rapid, exciting growth for radio, much like the 1990s were for the growth of the Internet. (1942), co-starring Ray Milland and Betty Field.My Favorite Husband began on CB, Marie Wilson best known *by me* as playing Irma in My Friend Irma, created by writer-director-producer Cy Howard, was a top-rated, long-run radio situation comedy, so popular in the late 1940s that its success escalated to films, television, a comic strip and a comic book, while Howard scored with another radio comedy hit, Life with Luigi. "Watch on the Rhine," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Paul Lukas; airdate August 7, 1946. Everyone in America knew Jack Benny and his foibles. "The Maxwell House Show Boat" was a variety show that evoked nostalgia for the old-time South, making listeners forget the griminess of Depression-wracked urban America. Andy: Come on over yere wid me. Arch Oboler produced "Lights Out" on NBC, and "Air Raid" by Archibald MacLeish and "War of the Worlds" by writer and performer Orson Welles, which depicted the growing fear of war. 2. An outstanding comedic duo, the show was a huge success providing many laughs to the American audiences during the Great Depression and later made the transition to television. She also played Butterfly, Rochester's niece and Mary Livingstone's maid in the Jack Benn. Radio programs capitalized on these emotions that were heightened by the Depression. The tally resulted in an estimate of the number of people listening to a particular show; a rating of 14.2 meant that out of 100 people called, 14.2 were listening to a particular program at the time of the call. Radio Priest: Charles Coughlin, the Father of Hate Radio. Winchell made his radio debut in 1930 over WABC in New York. "The Presidential Election," an episode of the comedy series Amos 'n' Andy, starring Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll; airdate July 17, 1928. Called the "Radio Priest," Father Coughlin began broadcasting weekly sermons in 1926. At the star, John Peel Amos n Andy, a situation comedy, was the most popular show ever broadcast, lasting more than 30 years. "On the Planet Mongo," an episode of the children's science-fiction series Flash Gordon; airdate April 27, 1935. Douglas, Susan Jeanne. Broadcasting Magazine, July 1, 1934 Sometimes the days' news events were dramatized over the radio, with actors playing the roles of major participants. There were several great radio theater companies during the 1930s including Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre on the Air, the Lux Radio Theatre, Screen Guide Theatre, and Studio One, later known as the Ford Theater. Golden Age of American radio, period lasting roughly from 1930 through the 1940s, when the medium of commercial broadcast radio grew into the fabric of daily life in the United States, providing news and entertainment to a country struggling with economic depression and war. It will take timeand plenty of timeto work out our remedies administratively even after legislation is passed. Warren, Donald. Available from the World Wide Web at: http://www.old-time.com/otrlogs/390921.html). About $75 could buy a Marconi console, a common reference to a popular type of radio in a wooden cabinet and named after the inventor of radio, Guglielmo Marconi of Italy, who remained active until his death in 1937. June 25, 2020. Group photograph of Eddie Anderson, Dennis Day, Phil Harris, Mary Livingstone, Jack Benny, Don Wilson, and Mel Blanc. The Depression listening public followed the exploits of "Babe" Ruth, Lou Gehrig ("The Iron Horse"), the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame football players, female track star Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias, the boxer Joe Louis ("The Brown Bomber"), and others. the insurgency was under control, but was soon countered by broadcasts calling for a general strike. On radios musical front, the National Broadcasting Company established its own symphony orchestra, led by Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. 4. 32. The wide dissemination of incorrect or selectively chosen information could invite or reinforce opinions. No other media of the time was as pervasive. AM (or amplitude modulation) radio could reach long distances, but with greatly diminished quality. That is some serious growth! Matt "Money" Smith: Initially the "sports guy" on KROQ, he rose to his own sports-talk show and . Sale of advertising time was not widely practiced at early radio stations in the United States. . As the 1930s progressed, and as reporters such as Edward R. Murrow, H.V. Radio use was not confined to economic class. I ain't goin' do it. But when, almost two years later, it came before the Supreme Court its constitutionality was upheld only by a five-to-four vote. . British husband-and-wife actors Ronald Colman (1891-1958) and Benita Hume (1906-1967) starred in both versions of the show. Good memories." The first, delivered on March 12, 1933, only eight days after Roosevelt took office, attracted more 17 million families. *I <3 Allens Alley* His best-remembered gag was his long-running mock feud with friend and fellow comedian Jack Benny, but it was only part of his appeal; radio historian John Dunning (in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio) wrote that Allen was radio's most admired comedian and most frequently censored. New York: The Free Press, 1991. Brown, Robert J. Manipulating the Ether: The Power of Broadcast Radio in Thirties America. Comic strips had long provided a shared form of entertainment in America. Even these artists were under strict supervision of the agencies, which usually had representatives present during the rehearsals and broadcast. Add languages. Early ads promoted an institutional image in a style later common to public radios underwriting announcements. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. In 1937 Welles became the voice of "The Shadow." Welles also took part in the New Deal's Federal Theater Project that provided work for many unemployed actors and stagehands. As the reporter broke into the performance several times over the next few minutes, he described strange flying vehicles landing in various parts of the United States and strange creatures emerging from them. 2 Rush Limbaugh. Roosevelt believed he needed to keep close contact with the American people given the severe hardships many were suffering through the Great Depression and ensuring as much support as possible for his New Deal programs. Murrow set the standard for American journalism providing descriptive reports of many of the 1930s and 1940s important events. Marjorie Finlay was an American television personality and opera singer. In 1945, Beulah was spun off into her own radio show, The Marlin Hurt and Beulah Show, with Hurt still in the role. Another firm that measured audience response was the A.C. Nielsen Co., which provided thousands of listeners with a mechanical device called an audiometer. Radio stations consolidated during the Depression, as smaller stations went out of business. Between 1941 and 1945, Americans tuned in to listen to breaking news from Europe, hearing about major battles and the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii just moments after the actual events. . Bandleader Ozzie Nelson, who later married his vocalist Harriet Hilliard, became a radio phenomenon in the 1930s and went on to become a television phenomenon in "Ozzie and Harriet.". If I'd been milin' dat cow, son, I wouldn't of wasted a drop o' milk. The deepening Depression impacted every aspect of American life and Americans looked for new avenues to escape the dreariness of unemployment, homelessness, and hunger. As the Great Depression deepened in the United States and around the world in the early 1930s, reliance on radio increased. Eighty-five percent of network daytime programming was soap operasserial dramas portraying the lives of a varied cast of characters. David Sarnoff (18911971). Early efforts to regulate the radio industry were not very effective. October 1999. News reporters such as Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965) and William Shirer (1904 . As Germany's aggression in Europe became increasingly evident, Coughlin lost some of his popularity, however, for much of the Depression he was a significant voice in American radio. 1940s: TV and Radio. Music led the way onto radio, with the broadcasting of swing and big band music in the 1920s. Winchell is sometimes considered the father of tabloid reporting. Dat's de right thing to do. Having delivered such addresses to the citizens of New York as governor, he delivered 28 fireside chats to the nation during his presidency. Many advertisers formed long-term bonds with these shows, especially as they tried to reach the young audience. His first song was "Goodnight My Beautiful". View More. We'll fill dat up wid water. Programming was innovative and daring, with pioneers exploring new ways of making the medium of radio captivating.

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