The white race that entered India was called Aryan, because they came via Iran. While Pali and Prakrits were not used by Brahmins, both Pali and Prakrits were IndoAryan languages and ultimately derived from Vedic Sanskrit, which seems to have been brought by MLBA-rich people from Central Asia. Previous literature, however, has focused largely on My response is based on today not the past. Past is where we came from but we live today and tomorrow. Other than the languages spoken, fundamental Proto-Dravidian *to/*to occurs in compounds with the words for 10, 100, 1,000 as second members with the meaning 1/10th lesscomparable to Tamil to-u 90 (or 10 less 100), toyiram 900 (100 less 1,000), and on-pattu 9 (1 less 10). However, Telugu tom-badi (from *to-pat) 90 implies that *to means 9. The South Dravidian languages have cognates that support the first, 1/10th less, meaning. His followers, upon misbehaving, became the victims of God's anger, resulting in the Great Flood of 2350BC. [40] There are also hundreds of Dravidian loanwords in Indo-Aryan languages, and vice versa. Aryan While the English word Dravidian was first employed by Robert Caldwell in his book of comparative Dravidian grammar based on the usage of the Sanskrit word drvia in the work Tantravrttika by Kumrila Bhaa,[31] the word drvia in Sanskrit has been historically used to denote geographical regions of southern India as whole. [127] In vadakkan pattukal ballads, at least a few women warriors continued to practice and achieved a high degree of expertise.[127]. The Jesuits and other Christian missionaries were there too. [17] It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia. Re. But now the historians had second thoughts and exercised their birth-right to make alterations in historical details. Institute of Indology in Berlin and Bonn Uni in Germany, Edinburgh, Oxford, Cambridge and London unis in G.B., Yale, John Hopkins, and Columbia Unis in the U.S.A. and College de France. If one rejects the term Aryan, one should better speak only of Tamilian, not Dravidian. In Streams of Civilizations, Stanton & Hyma, goes even further and states that, 'in fact, there is so much evidence now to show that, very ancient people were highly skilled, that some people have jumped to the conclusion that they must have come by space-ship from some more civilized planet out in space'. The authors found that the respective amounts of those ancestries varied significantly between individuals, and concluded that more samples are needed to get the full picture of Indian population history. What do the historians say about the ancestors of the Aryans? The Europeans have been looking for a Mother-Tongue in a far-away places instead of at the source. Why is it that no steps have been taken to correct the history of India since Independence? Each of the Dravidian languages has developed several postpositions from independent words that indicate case meanings (e.g., near, up to, until, purpose, cause, above, below, by the side of). In complex sentences, the main verb clause occupies the final position and is preceded by subordinate clauses that end in nonfinite verbs (those that are perfective, durative, conditional, concessive, and so on). EQUUS SIVALENSIS, South East Asian breed has 17 pairs of ribs, where as Equus Przevaalskii, Central Asian and European breed have 18 pairs of ribs. Ghadhiji couldn't oblige, and that was a great disappointment for Ambedkarji. He says that, 'u ntil 1922, we had few records of human life in India older than the days of the Aryan-speaking invaders apart from a handful of scattered relics of the Stone Age. This led to the loss of the original inclusive-exclusive difference (later restored through fresh innovations) and was followed by a restructuring of the pronominal system in the first person. aryan For all these Unis, the hot subject was the 'Comparative Philology'. There were two numbers in Proto-Dravidian, singular and plural. Many of these primitive megaliths are NOT sepulchral but has been found to have been created with mathematical and astronomical perfection. The most interesting part of this fiction is when did the Aryans come to India? Moorjani et al. [66] Cultural and linguistic similarities have been cited by researchers Henry Heras, Kamil Zvelebil, Asko Parpola and Iravatham Mahadevan as being strong evidence for a proto-Dravidian origin of the ancient Indus Valley civilisation. Stupid me, they were from a planet out in space! WebThe difference between the so-called Aryans of the north and Dravidians of the south is not a racial division. There probably always existed linkages among the people living in various parts of the world. It would have made a big difference to the promoters of the AIT, if the geneticists had confirmed the existence of Aryan (European) genes among the Indians. Biologically bo th the north and south Indians are of the same Caucasian race, only when closer to the equator the skin becomes darker, and under the influence of constant heat the bodily frame tends to become a little smaller. One should be proud of one's province and be respectful to the people of other provinces. How can we blame anyone but ourselves, for the present situation, prevailing in the Indian societies - provincialism, caste and corruption? Thus, the geneticists went to work. This is the time when, according to the historians, waves of invading/migrating Aryans arrived in India. These tribal Dravidian languages preserve more archaic forms than the literary Dravidian languages of South India. (2011), their research on lactose tolerance in India suggests that "the west Eurasian genetic contribution identified by Reich et al. The President clearly expressed the intentions of this organization to be 'to achieve the general extension of our pure faith in Hindustan'. Srinivasa The word Aryans was brutally used by Hitler during world war second to attain exclusion of Jews and other ethnicities from a specific group of Germans. It must be, because we are Aryans the Barbarians, and Dravidians the Squat Creatures! The origin of the Sanskrit word drvia is Tamil. Please, do not be unhappy about the darker skin, I have one. To-date, as the proverb goes - Truth is one, lies are many - not a single story has turned out with any substance. Its modern conception is based solely on reconstruction. One of the series of lies, was concerning the cultural shock - those invaders provided scriptures, language and the caste system. As no "ASI" or "AASI" ancient DNA is available, the indigenous Andamanese (exemplified by the Onge, a possibly distantly related population native to the Andaman Islands) is used as an imperfect proxy. "Out of Eden' by Stephen Oppenheimer is in respect of spread of humanity many many millions of years ago, when even the earth's plates may be in different positions. "[10] They may have been indigenous to the Indian subcontinent,[11][12][13] but origins in, or influence from, western Asia have also been proposed. Distribution of subgroups of Dravidian languages: Derenko: "The spread of these new technologies has been associated with the dispersal of Dravidian and Indo-European languages in southern Asia. The word 'arya' was part of the words, e.g. The Aryans had no respect for the Indian culture and treated the natives as slaves. [46], Several studies have shown that the Indian subcontinent harbours two major ancestral components,[24][47][48] namely the Ancestral North Indians (ANI) which is broadly related to West Eurasians and the Ancestral South Indians (ASI) which is clearly distinct from ANI. [87], According to Thomason and Kaufman, there is strong evidence that Dravidian influenced Indic through "shift", that is, native Dravidian speakers learning and adopting Indic languages. The article seems to be a consequence of erroneous scholariness and faulty research. Swami Vivekananda %3E In connection with this I want to discuss one question which it has a particular bearing with regard to Madras. There is a th [21], The process of post-Harappan/Dravidian influences on southern India has tentatively been called "Dravidianization",[22] and is reflected in the post-Harappan mixture of IVC and Ancient Ancestral South Indian people. It includes Caucasians and also their sub-race. Svastika Mansion: A Silpa-Sastra in the 1930s. suggest that the South Indian tribal Paniya people would serve as a better proxy than the Andamanese (Onge) for the "native South Asian" component in modern South Asians. As these tribals may have moved away from the concerned places thousands of years earlier or may have been Hinduised by adopting HIndu religion and names, the phenomenon is barely understood today. Dravidian vs Indo-Aryan? : r/AskHistorians - reddit Honestly, there was never really any tribe with the name Aryan. Following are names of Rigvedic tribes: Alina tribe Alina people - Wikipedia [ ht Thus, the blue-eyed people of Major Yeats-Brown, turned into groups of different blood, all speaking a common tongue, the Mother of all Indo-European languages. Jewish Wedding vs. Christian Wedding: Wedding Comparison, Narendra Modi vs. Nitish Kumar: Top CMs of India, Land of snake charmers to land of intellectuals: Transition of India, National Debt Of Portugal vs. Greece Compared. In fact, until the late 19th century most Kerala women did not wear any upper garments, or were forced to by law, and in many villages, especially in tribal communities, the sari is worn without the blouse. What meaning would you derive from these information? Thus, the statement that we stated off with is not applicable to the people of South India. Around this time, Dravidians encountered Muslim traders, and the first Tamil Muslims and Sri Lankan Moors appeared. At the most,the word refers to group of people who have similar societal way of living, in contrast to the opponents, who were called 'Anarya'. After going trough the books thoroughly, his comments were as follows: 'As far as the Rigveda is concerned, there is not a particle of evidence suggesting the invasion of India by the Aryans from outside India'. The Europeans observed that many of the Sanskrit words had uncanny resemblance to the words in many of the European languages. It was decided that the area south of the Vindhya would be suitable. Theres some overlap of language with culture, but on the whole, there are huge commonalities of There is no past record of such effort being made by world nations to study the origin of the culture and language of one occupied nation! One day,working in the vineyard, he got very tired, had a few wine drinks, went to his tent and slept, naked. The present Dravidians, also composed of similar genetic origin-from Indigenous Indian Hunter Gatherers and Neolithic west Asian farmer-gatherers from Ancient Iran, while present-day Dravidian speakers also carry a small portion of steppe pastoralist and additional to the AASI (first populants of the Indian subcontinent) ancestry.[24][25][26]. The linguistic evidence for Dravidian impact grows increasingly strong as we move from the Samhitas down through the later Vedic works and into the classical post-Vedic literature. (2019) shows that the native South Asian genetic component is distinct from the Andamanese and thus that the Andamanese (Onge) are an imperfect and imprecise proxy for "ASI" ancestry in South Asians (there is difficulty detecting ASI ancestry in the North Indian Gujarati when the Andamanese Onge are used). This was reflected in the demonstrative pronouns, which in the singular were masculine *aw-antu he (man) and non-masculine *a-tu other (meaning both woman and any nonhuman animate or thing). The word 'Dravid" implies to a person who is the knower(drasta) of knowledge (Vidya), or a person from whom the knowledge flows. [65] Already in 1924, when announcing the discovery of the IVC, John Marshall stated that (one of) the language(s) may have been Dravidic. I always thought that the historians are intellectuals who understood the saying, 'A lie repeated often, becomes the truth, and a lie altered often becomes a noose'. Sanskrit language - HEAT is most where the FIRE is. A third inscription in Kanheri Caves refers to a Dhamila-gharini (Tamil house-holder). Natural justice demands that the blacks of the world should unite, form an International Draviodian League and regain the rule of the world. Web(9) This is an anthropological study of the development of the mastoid process in the four ethnic groups of Pakistani races: Turko-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Scytho- Dravidian, and Aryo- Dravidian. [69][70], Yuri Knorozov surmised that the symbols represent a logosyllabic script and suggested, based on computer analysis, an agglutinative Dravidian language as the most likely candidate for the underlying language. 2013) the native populations of India and Sri Lanka have distinct craniometric and anthropologic ancestry. The Europeans went to South Africa. The details about the horse is very interesting, too. Allan O Hownslar & Terry L Smart in A Study of World History (1977) - The earliest Aryans had no interest in cities or trading. (Not Brahmins Vs Dalits .Gods dont have Caste idiots). In addition, adjectives precede the nouns they qualify, nouns carry postpositions and not prepositions, adverbs precede verbs, and auxiliaries follow the main verb. Examples are the Madisar, specific to Tamil Brahmin Community, and the Mundum Neriyathum. However, he was bent on finding the truth about the creators of the caste system - The Aryans. [74], Paleoclimatologists believe the fall of the Indus Valley Civilisation and eastward migration during the late Harappan period was due to climate change in the region, with a 200-year long drought being the major factor. What interests do the people of India have, to continue with the British policy after the Independence? It is then stressed that 'it does not mean a common racial stock' and further explains that 'they were of different blood'. 'These were white men like Semites, but they spoke a different language, which is regarded as the common ancestor of all European languages with some exceptions'. He also looked for the word 'arya' (Aryan), and possible meaning attached to it. He further states that, 'by the year 1619 AD, a million or more black slaves had already been brought to the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Caribbean and South America'. The native Indians had been conquered without great difficulty by the war-like Aryans, and there-after, the Aryans had been the rulers and masters of tens of millions of docile little brown men'. and Ireland in 1823, and its branches in Bombay, Ceylon, China and Malaysia, American Oriental Society in 1842, and German Oriental society in 1844. The work-men used the stones from these ruins to provide coarse gravel for the rail-road bed. The debate over the Aryan-Dravidian Distinction: Aryan Invasion and Migration Theory: This theory which has been floated by the British has attributed to the Aryan- Dravidian distinction and has been always been contested by the political class. These conquerors were interested in conquering parts in North India, dismantling the local cultures and pushing the indigenous Dravidian tribes of Dravidians towards thesouth. A sentence that ends in a noun phrase predicate can become subordinate by the addition of a nonfinite verb such as * to be, or *yan to say. Quotations are signaled by a quotative particle derived from the verb to say meaning having said.. Horses - Impressions upon thousands of SEALS have been found. There are many interesting points raised in your letter, perhaps some others may help us with those. Webshow no Dravidian ethnic features whatever, and are not easily distinguishable from the other peoples of the region. He provided The Ark to his beloved Noah. [15][41] In the 1990s, Renfrew and Cavalli-Sforza have also argued that Proto-Dravidian was brought to India by farmers from the Iranian part of the Fertile Crescent,[14][42][43][note 1] but more recently Heggerty and Renfrew noted that "McAlpin's analysis of the language data, and thus his claims, remain far from orthodoxy", adding that Fuller finds no relation of Dravidian language with other languages, and thus assumes it to be native to India. "[90], With the rise of the Kuru Kingdom a process of Sanskritization started which influenced all of India, with the populations of the north of the Indian subcontinent predominantly speaking the Indo-Aryan languages.[91]. Re. [111], Among the early Dravidians, the practice of erecting memorial stones, Natukal and Viragal, had appeared, and it continued for quite a long time after the Sangam age, down to about the 16th century. We don't demand any better! The linguists did not achieve success until Napoleon Bonaparte came along and conquered Egypt in 1779, brought home, a Rosetta Stone, that enabled the linguists to decipher the Egyptian script. The Spanish, the English, the Dutch and the French were also caught up in the TRAFFIC IN MEN'. The last Ice-Age commenced to recede 10000 years ago (8000 BC). [14][15][16][17][18] Their origins are often viewed as being connected with the Indus Valley civilisation,[10][18][19] hence people and language spread east and southwards after the demise of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the early second millennium BCE,[20][21] some propose not long before the arrival of Indo-Aryan speakers,[22] with whom they intensively interacted. He then went on to separate them age-wise. The study further showed that the native South Asians, north and south, form a unique group distinct from "Australo-Melanesians". There are three subgroups within the Dravidian language family: North Dravidian, Central Dravidian, and South Dravidian, matching for the most part the corresponding regions in the Indian subcontinent. (2019), early Dravidians formed as a mixture of Ancient Ancestral South Indians ("AASI" indigenous South Asian hunter-gatherers distantly related to the Andamanese and other East Eurasians), and Neolithic west Asian farmers from Iran. Weech (History of the World) opines that 'the **** type ssems early to have passed from Africa to South India', where as Bouquet (Comparative Religion) has not ruled out 'sea-borne invasion'. The most traditional dress for Dravidian men is the lungi, or the more formal dhoti, called veshti in Tamil, panche in Kannada and Telugu, and mundu in Malayalam. It was used by him to include a specific group of people who are native speakers of 19th century Indo-European languages. The movements of the people have been taking place in the distant past, e.g. (2019) found that their analysed sample had little to none of the "Steppe ancestry" component associated with Indo-European migrations into India, which occurred after the decline of the IVC. Every noun has an oblique stem in the singular and plural that is formed by the addition of a suffix (derived from Proto-Dravidian *i, *a, *tt, or *n or a combination of these, in addition to a zero suffix []) to which non-nominative case markers are added. A question would naturally arise in your mind - when did the Aryans developed the language Sanskrit and gifted it to the people of India? The participants being the Jews, Christians Muslims and the Hindus, it was decided, with the agreement of more than 50 well known historians, that the Aryan Invasion Theory be called the Aryan Migration Theory. Major Yeats-Brown, in his book Pageant of India, states in a literary fashion as follows : The budding was in the unknown mother-land, somewhere in the uplands of central Asia, whence these tall, blue-eyed people sallied forth in search of grazing lands. According to Mondal et al. gamaprmya of Ymuncrya, Issue 160 of Gaekwad's Oriental Series. [44] Renfrew and Bahn conclude that several scenarios are compatible with the data, and that "the linguistic jury is still very much out. The finding of the horse bones at Harappa, nor the picture of the horse on the seals, were sufficient to the Indo-logists to accept the existence of horses in India. Due to the complexity of draping the sari, younger girls start with a skirt called a pavada. A comprehensive description of Parpola's work until 1994 is given in his book Deciphering the Indus Script. Revision - Guess-work needs to be discarded and correct history needs to be taught in schools. You probably have umpteen nice things in you. Thanks for sharing. A C Bouquet in Comparative Religion - They were people very much the type of our Scandinavian fore-fathers, hard-fighting, heavy-drinking folk. Ben, thank you for pointing out that the intellectuals have rejected the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT), and I do hope that is the case. Unlike Indo-Aryan speakers, most Dravidian women do not cover their head with the pallu except in areas of North Karnataka. In Dravidian, gender is primarily determined by the meaning of the noun or pronoun and secondarily by certain formal features. [9], The origins of the Dravidians are a "very complex subject of research and debate". South Dravidian and South-Central Dravidian languages innovated a second singular form in the first person, *n/*an-, perhaps backformed by analogy from the first inclusive plural *m/*am-. While the mutation spread across Europe, another explorer must have brought the mutation eastward to India likely traveling along the coast of the Persian Gulf where other pockets of the same mutation have been found. Direction: Although not a very important topic, however, UPSC can ask about language and culture-related themes based on this issue. [31] Epigraphic evidence of an ethnic group termed as such is found in ancient India where a number of inscriptions have come to light datable from the 6th to the 5th century BCE mentioning Damela or Dameda persons. Most of the names of hills, rivers, villages and towns particularly in North India are austric (Mundaric/tribal)in origin and not in Indo-Aryan languages. In 1856, while the first rail-road through the Indus River Valley was being built, two brothers found the ruins of ancient cities in a jungle area. Divide et Impera should be the principle of the Indian government. land without rivers. [25], Yelmen et al. In India, too, the mingling with the locals resulted in the population of Anglo-Indians. [64], The Indus Valley civilisation (2,6001,900 BCE) located in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent is sometimes identified as having been Dravidian. The above information was completely negated by two teams of researchers, American and Indian, stating that , 'the South Indians possesses a distinct genetic pattern not found anywhere else in the world' (India West - Oct 30, 2009). [20][24], Although in modern times speakers of various Dravidian languages have mainly occupied the southern portion of India, Dravidian speakers must have been widespread throughout the Indian subcontinent before the Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent. The ancestry of the ASI population is suggested to have averaged about three-quarters from the AASI and one quarter from Iranian-related farmers. The East India Company specially recruited people of such caliber as Max Muller (1847) and Pandit Taranath (1866), to make such translations that would be detrimental to Hindu culture. Wouldn't you say that the Indians are a mix of white, black, red and yellow! (Ref: Rigveda, Book ii, Hymn 41, Verses 16/17; Bk vii, 36/6; 95/1 to 6, 96/1). or by adding an interrogative particle (*-) to the phrase or clause questioned. South Asian Studies, 13(1), pp 8797. The word Arya had great attraction for the Europeans, who used the word to create, one of the greatest fictional race of this world, the Aryans', with none of the arya qualities and complete illiterates with no script of there own. Ignorant or Good Vs. Indian history has not yet been written by the original ionhabitants of India - the Dravidians. The final -n and -m represent singular and plural. He clarifies that 'it was by no means did the Portuguese enjoy a monopoly. It goes on to explain that,for a long time, after their arrival in India, they were in many ways less civilized than the citizens of Mohenjo-daro had been. Dravidians are dark skinned.The Aryans living in India are enjoying the fruits of the skills and knowledge of the Indus peuple who are Dravidians. The major grammatical categories are nouns and verbs. The Ark landed itself on to Mt. Brahmin Dalits tribals all DNA are same. The big Aryan-Dravidian debate: Inventing an invasion that The British had representation in India in the form of British East India Co. Now the British, around 1776, had to leave America, they desired to concentrate in India. Whatever the purpose of these societies, the universities were not to be left behind. The Aryans had no word for brick in their language. Aryans and Dravidians have different accents. Mary Stanton & Albert Hyma in Streams of Civilization (1976) - They were nomads, lived of the meat of their herds and what loot they could gather from pillaged and conquered cities. He notes that there are two scenarios for the origin and spread of Dravidians. Nagalingam, Pathmarajah (2009). Aryans constitute 72% of the Indian population and the rest is made up of Dravidians. Six languages are currently recognized by India as Classical languages and four of them are Dravidian languages Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. I assume the ratio of 72% of the fair-skinned population of India, is based on the present population figures. In the plural the masculine pronoun was *aw-ar men (which could include women when referring to mixed groups) and non-masculine *aw-ay others (women, other animates, or things). Sports like Kambala, Jallikattu, Kabaddi, Vallam Kali, Lambs and Tigers and Maramadi remain strong among Dravidian ethnic groups. Aryans have mingled with the authentic Indian population, so no one can be characterized as a pure Dravidian or as a pure Aryan. Ancient Dravidian religion constituted of an animistic and non-Vedic form of religion which may have influenced the gamas, Vedic and non-Vedic texts[92] which post-date the Vedic texts. If the word 'Aryan' is related to 'arya', the meaning of Aryan would be 'a person of noble character'. No wonder Khalistan and Kashmir movement are so popular. Proto-Dravidian may have been spoken in the Indus civilization, suggesting a "tentative date of Proto-Dravidian around the early part of the third millennium",[7] after which it branched into various Dravidian languages. I need more time to read and comment. [106] Tolkappiyar refers to the Three Crowned Kings as the "Three Glorified by Heaven", (Tamil: , Vpuka Mvar). Aryan Durga Devi Vs. Dravidian According to Narasimhan et al. Lockard: "The encounters that resulted from Aryan migration brought together several very different peoples and cultures, reconfiguring Indian society. Aryan It was the people from outer world to come down and create this magical cities as the indigenous had no capacities. [96] Sivan was also seen as the supreme God. The lungi consists of a colourful checked cotton cloth. Anon 02/27/2023 (Mon) 14:04:37 ID: 55a153 No. According to Max Muller, the Mahabharat war took place in 1200BC. Tolkappiyam mentions that each of these thinai had an associated deity such as Seyyon in Kurinji (hills), Thirumaal in Mullai (forests), and Kotravai in Marutham (plains), and Wanji-ko in the Neithal (coasts and seas). The present population is greatly affected by the D & R Policy, the main basis being the AIT. Dravidians are known for adhering more to a matriarchal family system whereas in Aryan cultures, the father is the head of the family. Ira-q means land of rivers, and also, we have a name for a river, Iravati. They destroyed the cities they entered and left the ruins to decay. The obvious questions would be, whether the river was live and flowing as described in the Rigveda in 1000 BC, or even when the Aryans descended upon India in 1500 BC? [23], The Dravidian language influenced the Indo-Aryan languages. #notmypresident. [21][75][76] The Indus Valley Civilisation seemed to slowly lose their urban cohesion, and their cities were gradually abandoned during the late Harappan period, followed by eastward migrations before the Indo-Aryan migration into the Indian subcontinent. Portuguese explorers like Vasco de Gama were motivated to expand mainly for the spice markets of Calicut (today called Kozhikode) in modern-day Kerala. They were not builders. Upon subsidence of The Great Flood, Noah came down to the plains and busied himself tending a vineyard. [45] Nowadays, Tamils, Malayalis, Telugus and Kannadigas make up around 20% of India's population. It also mentions that the league of Tamil kingdoms had been in existence for 113 years by that time.
